Deconstructing the landscape of fear in stable multi-species societies

Ecology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 2447-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Martínez ◽  
E. Parra ◽  
L. F. Collado ◽  
V. T. Vredenburg
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Of Fear

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variation in harbor porpoise distribution and foraging across a landscape of fear

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D. Williamson ◽  
Beth E. Scott ◽  
Megan R. Laxton ◽  
Fabian E. Bachl ◽  
Janine B. Illian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Harbor Porpoise ◽  
Landscape Of Fear

scholarly journals Top carnivore decline has cascading effects on scavengers and carrion persistence

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1892) ◽  
pp. 20181582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum X. Cunningham ◽  
Christopher N. Johnson ◽  
Leon A. Barmuta ◽  
Tracey Hollings ◽  
Eric J. Woehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Mesopredator Release ◽  
Landscape Of Fear ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Remote Cameras

Top carnivores have suffered widespread global declines, with well-documented effects on mesopredators and herbivores. We know less about how carnivores affect ecosystems through scavenging. Tasmania's top carnivore, the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) , has suffered severe disease-induced population declines, providing a natural experiment on the role of scavenging in structuring communities. Using remote cameras and experimentally placed carcasses, we show that mesopredators consume more carrion in areas where devils have declined. Carcass consumption by the two native mesopredators was best predicted by competition for carrion, whereas consumption by the invasive mesopredator, the feral cat ( Felis catus ), was better predicted by the landscape-level abundance of devils, suggesting a relaxed landscape of fear where devils are suppressed. Reduced discovery of carcasses by devils was balanced by the increased discovery by mesopredators. Nonetheless, carcasses persisted approximately 2.6-fold longer where devils have declined, highlighting their importance for rapid carrion removal. The major beneficiary of increased carrion availability was the forest raven ( Corvus tasmanicus ). Population trends of ravens increased 2.2-fold from 1998 to 2017, the period of devil decline, but this increase occurred Tasmania-wide, making the cause unclear. This case study provides a little-studied potential mechanism for mesopredator release, with broad relevance to the vast areas of the world that have suffered carnivore declines.

Narrating Fear, Tracing Landscape: Memory and Militancy ka Daur in Doda, Jammu and Kashmir

2020 ◽  
pp. 003802292095674
Author(s):  
Chakraverti Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Landscape Of Fear ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
The People ◽  
The Times ◽  
Ethnographic Field Work

Jammu and Kashmir has been a theatre of conflict for almost three decades now. After the outbreak of militancy in 1989–1990 in the Kashmir valley, Doda belt was the first area outside the valley where armed conflict made inroads and affected lives variedly. Based on ethnographic field work, this paper addresses three interrelated questions about the manifestation of militancy in Doda: first, how did the armed struggle for the control of landscape invoked fear ( dehshat) in people and affect their way of living? Second, how did the violence by both non-state and state actors to seek control and assert power transformed the local landscape itself? Third, how did the locals negotiate with shifting landscapes embedded with fear and memories of violence? I approach these questions through memory ethnography of the times of militancy ( militancy ka daur). Based on conversations, narratives and participant observation, the article shows that militancy and resultant armed conflict sowed fear in people’s lives and altered their relation with space and time in multiple ways. Actors involved in the armed conflict shaped the local landscape by resorting to spatial strategies to control territory and exercise power through fear. As a consequence, locals negotiated with the landscape of fear by conforming to outright commands and through silence. Although militancy ka daur has passed in Doda, the paper argues that it has left deep imprints upon the collective memory of the people.

Living and dying in a multi-predator landscape of fear: roe deer are squeezed by contrasting pattern of predation risk imposed by lynx and humans

Oikos ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lone ◽  
Leif Egil Loe ◽  
Terje Gobakken ◽  
John D. C. Linnell ◽  
John Odden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Landscape Of Fear

scholarly journals Mixed-species herding levels the landscape of fear

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1922) ◽  
pp. 20192555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan Stears ◽  
Melissa H. Schmitt ◽  
Christopher C. Wilmers ◽  
Adrian M. Shrader
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Landscape Of Fear ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Risk Areas

Prey anti-predator behaviours are influenced by perceived predation risk in a landscape and social information gleaned from herd mates regarding predation risk. It is well documented that high-quality social information about risk can come from heterospecific herd mates. Here, we integrate social information with the landscape of fear to quantify how these landscapes are modified by mixed-species herding. To do this, we investigated zebra vigilance in single- and mixed-species herds across different levels of predation risk (lion versus no lion), and assessed how they manage herd size and the competition–information trade-off associated with grouping behaviour. Overall, zebra performed higher vigilance in high-risk areas. However, mixed-species herding reduced vigilance levels. We estimate that zebra in single-species herds would have to feed for approximately 35 min more per day in low-risk areas and approximately 51 min more in high-risk areas to compensate for the cost of higher vigilance. Furthermore, zebra benefitted from the competition–information trade-off by increasing the number of heterospecifics while keeping the number of zebra in a herd constant. Ultimately, we show that mixed-species herding reduces the effects of predation risk, whereby zebra in mixed-species herds, under high predation risk, perform similar levels of vigilance compared with zebra in low-risk scenarios.

Context-dependent stress responses and their connections to fitness in a landscape of fear

2014 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jaatinen ◽  
M. W. Seltmann ◽  
M. Öst
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Landscape Of Fear ◽  
Context Dependent
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