scholarly journals Three-dimensional habitat structure and landscape genetics: a step forward in estimating functional connectivity

Ecology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Milanesi ◽  
R. Holderegger ◽  
K. Bollmann ◽  
F. Gugerli ◽  
F. Zellweger
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Landscape Genetics ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals The Effect of Habitat Structure Boulder Spacing on Near-Bed Shear Stress and Turbulent Events in a Gravel Bed Channel

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
Amir Golpira ◽  
Fengbin Huang ◽  
Abul B.M. Baki
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Reynolds Shear Stress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quadrant Analysis ◽  
Bed Shear Stress ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Restoration Practices ◽  
Ejections And Sweeps

This study experimentally investigated the effect of boulder spacing and boulder submergence ratio on the near-bed shear stress in a single array of boulders in a gravel bed open channel flume. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure the instantaneous three-dimensional velocity components. Four methods of estimating near-bed shear stress were compared. The results suggested a significant effect of boulder spacing and boulder submergence ratio on the near-bed shear stress estimations and their spatial distributions. It was found that at unsubmerged condition, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and modified TKE methods can be used interchangeably to estimate the near-bed shear stress. At both submerged and unsubmerged conditions, the Reynolds method performed differently from the other point-methods. Moreover, a quadrant analysis was performed to examine the turbulent events and their contribution to the near-bed Reynolds shear stress with the effect of boulder spacing. Generally, the burst events (ejections and sweeps) were reduced in the presence of boulders. This study may improve the understanding of the effect of the boulder spacing and boulder submergence ratio on the near-bed shear stress estimations of stream restoration practices.

scholarly journals Functional connectivity and home range inferred at a microgeographic landscape genetics scale in a desert‐dwelling rodent

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 437-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Flores‐Manzanero ◽  
Madisson A. Luna‐Bárcenas ◽  
Rodney J. Dyer ◽  
Ella Vázquez‐Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Landscape Genetics

scholarly journals Associations between Benthic Cover and Habitat Complexity Metrics Obtained from 3D Reconstruction of Coral Reefs at Different Resolutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Fukunaga ◽  
John H. R. Burns ◽  
Kailey H. Pascoe ◽  
Randall K. Kosaki
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) habitat structure of coral reefs is an important aspect of coral reef monitoring, as habitat architecture affects the abundance and diversity of reef organisms. Here, we used photogrammetric techniques to generate 3D reconstructions of coral reefs and examined relationships between benthic cover and various habitat metrics obtained at six different resolutions of raster cells, ranging from 1 to 32 cm. For metrics of 3D structural complexity, fractal dimension, which utilizes information on 3D surface areas obtained at different resolutions, and vector ruggedness measure (VRM) obtained at 1-, 2- or 4-cm resolution correlated well with benthic cover, with a relatively large amount of variability in these metrics being explained by the proportions of corals and crustose coralline algae. Curvature measures were, on the other hand, correlated with branching and mounding coral cover when obtained at 1-cm resolution, but the amount of variability explained by benthic cover was generally very low when obtained at all other resolutions. These results show that either fractal dimension or VRM obtained at 1-, 2- or 4-cm resolution, along with curvature obtained at 1-cm resolution, can effectively capture the 3D habitat structure provided by specific benthic organisms.

scholarly journals Rapid response of habitat structure and above-ground carbon storage to altered fire regimes in tropical savanna

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1493-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun R. Levick ◽  
Anna E. Richards ◽  
Garry D. Cook ◽  
Jon Schatz ◽  
Marcus Guderle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Climate Conditions

Abstract. Fire regimes across the globe have been altered through changes in land use, land management, and climate conditions. Understanding how these modified fire regimes impact vegetation structure and dynamics is essential for informed biodiversity conservation and carbon management in savanna ecosystems. We used a fire experiment at the Territory Wildlife Park (TWP), northern Australia, to investigate the consequences of altered fire regimes for vertical habitat structure and above-ground carbon storage. We mapped vegetation three-dimensional (3-D) structure in high spatial resolution with airborne lidar across 18 replicated 1 ha plots of varying fire frequency and season treatments. We used lidar-derived canopy height and cover metrics to extrapolate field-based measures of woody biomass to the full extent of the experimental site (R2=0.82, RMSE = 7.35 t C ha−1) and analysed differences in above-ground carbon storage and canopy structure among treatments. Woody canopy cover and biomass were highest in the absence of fire (76 % and 39.8 t C ha−1) and lowest in plots burnt late in the dry season on a biennial basis (42 % and 18.2 t C ha−1). Woody canopy vertical profiles differed among all six fire treatments, with the greatest divergence in height classes <5 m. The magnitude of fire effects on vegetation structure varied along the environmental gradient underpinning the experiment, with less reduction in biomass in plots with deeper soils. Our results highlight the large extent to which fire management can shape woody structural patterns in savanna landscapes, even over time frames as short as a decade. The structural profile changes shown here, and the quantification of carbon reduction under late dry season burning, have important implications for habitat conservation, carbon sequestration, and emission reduction initiatives in the region.

scholarly journals Stereoscopic three-dimensional visualization applied to multimodal brain images: clinical applications and a functional connectivity atlas

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo M. Rojas ◽  
Marcelo Gálvez ◽  
Natan Vega Potler ◽  
R. Cameron Craddock ◽  
Daniel S. Margulies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Brain Images

scholarly journals Edge function in patchy mussel bed habitats: variation across nearby rocky shore sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Andrea Soria ◽  
Jorge Luis Gutiérrez ◽  
Juliana Andrea Gonzalez ◽  
Sofía Luz Callá ◽  
María Gabriela Palomo
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Mussel Bed ◽  
Invertebrate Composition ◽  
Edge Function ◽  
Habitat Properties

Abstract Mussels form dense three-dimensional beds that serve as habitat to other species. In rocky shores, these beds are often interspersed by gaps due to patchy dislodgement/mortality caused by the action of waves, predators, and/or extreme temperatures. Although mussel patches and gaps are known to support distinctive invertebrate communities, variations in invertebrate habitat function between the interior and edges of mussel patches and gaps were not yet examined. Here, we evaluated variations in habitat properties and invertebrate composition between the edge and interior of mussel (Brachidontes rodriguezii) patches and gaps at three rocky shore sites in the Southwestern Atlantic. Our results indicate that the interior and edge of mussel patches differ in terms of mussel size and density (i.e., a surrogate of habitat structure) and the amount of sediments they accumulate. However, this does not directly translate into consistent differences on temperature, desiccation, and invertebrate composition across sites. As it concerns to gaps, we generally observed increased limpet (Siphonaria lesonii) densities at their edges, which suggests that they encounter favourable conditions by the perimeter of mussel patches. The lack of consistent edge effects on the invertebrates of mussel patches suggests that their species composition would remain largely unaffected by expected increases in gap and edge habitat formation due to ongoing increases in the frequency and magnitude of storms and heat waves. Yet, if increased availability of edge habitats leads to increased overall density of limpets in these rocky shores, then changes could be expected in algal production, composition, and dynamics.

scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation disrupts functional connectivity and community structure in primary cortical microtissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaina Atherton ◽  
Sophie Brown ◽  
Emily Papiez ◽  
Maria I. Restrepo ◽  
David A. Borton
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Calcium Indicator ◽  
Graph Theory Analysis

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) neural microtissues are a powerful in vitro paradigm for studying brain development and disease under controlled conditions, while maintaining many key attributes of the in vivo environment. Here, we used primary cortical microtissues to study the effects of neuroinflammation on neural microcircuits. We demonstrated the use of a genetically encoded calcium indicator combined with a novel live-imaging platform to record spontaneous calcium transients in microtissues from day 14–34 in vitro. We implemented graph theory analysis of calcium activity to characterize underlying functional connectivity and community structure of microcircuits, which are capable of capturing subtle changes in network dynamics during early disease states. We found that microtissues cultured for 34 days displayed functional remodeling of microcircuits and that community structure strengthened over time. Lipopolysaccharide, a neuroinflammatory agent, significantly increased functional connectivity and disrupted community structure 5–9 days after exposure. These microcircuit-level changes have broad implications for the role of neuroinflammation in functional dysregulation of neural networks.

Three-Dimensional Mean-Shift Edge Bundling for the Visualization of Functional Connectivity in the Brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Bottger ◽  
Alexander Schafer ◽  
Gabriele Lohmann ◽  
Arno Villringer ◽  
Daniel S. Margulies
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Mean Shift ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Edge Bundling ◽  
The Brain
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