scholarly journals Genetically based latitudinal clines in Artemisia californica drive parallel clines in arthropod communities

Ecology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D. Pratt ◽  
Andrew Datu ◽  
Thi Tran ◽  
Daniel C. Sheng ◽  
Kailen A. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Artemisia Californica ◽  
Latitudinal Clines

Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism, and sex‐specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Y. Dudaniec ◽  
Alexander R. Carey ◽  
Erik I. Svensson ◽  
Bengt Hansson ◽  
Chuan Ji Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Latitudinal Clines

scholarly journals Beavers, Bugs and Chemistry: A Mammalian Herbivore Changes Chemistry Composition and Arthropod Communities in Foundation Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 877
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Durben ◽  
Faith M. Walker ◽  
Liza Holeski ◽  
Arthur R. Keith ◽  
Zsuzsi Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
The Impact

The North American beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl) and cottonwoods (Populus spp.) are foundation species, the interactions of which define a much larger community and affect a threatened riparian habitat type. Few studies have tested the effect of these interactions on plant chemistry and a diverse arthropod community. We experimentally examined the impact of beaver foraging on riparian communities by first investigating beaver food preferences for one cottonwood species, Fremont cottonwood (P. fremontii S. Watson), compared to other locally available woody species. We next examined the impact of beaver foraging on twig chemistry and arthropod communities in paired samples of felled and unfelled cottonwood species in northern Arizona (P. fremontii) and southwestern Colorado (narrowleaf cottonwood, P. angustifolia James, and Eastern cottonwood, P. deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall). Four major patterns emerged: (1) In a cafeteria experiment, beavers chose P. fremontii six times more often than other woody native and exotic species. (2) With two cottonwood species, we found that the nitrogen and salicortin concentrations were up to 45% greater and lignin concentration 14% lower in the juvenile resprout growth of felled trees than the juvenile growth on unfelled trees (six of seven analyses were significant for P. fremontii and four of six were significant for P. angustifolia). (3) With two cottonwood species, arthropod community composition on juvenile branches differed significantly between felled and unfelled trees, with up to 38% greater species richness, 114% greater relative abundance and 1282% greater species diversity on felled trees (six of seven analyses with P. fremontii and four of six analyses with P. angustifolia were significant). The above findings indicate that the highest arthropod diversity is achieved in the heterogenous stands of mixed felled and unfelled trees than in stands of cottonwoods, where beavers are not present. These results also indicate that beaver herbivory changes the chemical composition in 10 out of 13 chemical traits in the juvenile growth of two of the three cottonwood species to potentially allow better defense against future beaver herbivory. (4) With P. deltoides, only one of five analyses in chemistry was significant, and none of the four arthropod community analyses were significant, suggesting that this species and its arthropod community responds differently to beaver. Potential reasons for these differences are unknown. Overall, our findings suggest that in addition to their impact on riparian vegetation, other mammals, birds, and aquatic organisms, beavers also may define the arthropod communities of two of three foundation tree species in these riparian ecosystems.

Are arthropod communities in grassland ecosystems affected by the abundance of an invasive plant?

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordann G. Foster ◽  
Chantalle A. Gervan ◽  
Matthew G. Coghill ◽  
Lauchlan H. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems

scholarly journals GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTANT POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-256
Author(s):  
Rama S Singh ◽  
Donal A Hickey ◽  
Jean David
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT We have studied allozyme variation at 26 gene loci in nine populations of Drosophila melanogaster originating on five different continents. The distant populations show significant genetic differentiation. However, only half of the loci studied have contributed to this differentiation; the other half show identical patterns in all populations. The genetic differentiation in North American, European and African populations is correlated with the major climatic differences between north and south. These differences arise mainly from seven loci that show gene-frequency patterns suggestive of latitudinal clines in allele frequencies. The clinal variation is such that subtropical populations are more heterozygous than temperate populations. These results are discussed in relation to the selectionist and neutralist hypotheses of genetic variation in natural populations.

scholarly journals Nested variation of soil arthropod communities in isolated patches of vegetation on a rocky outcrop

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kounda-Kiki ◽  
L. Celini ◽  
J.F. Ponge ◽  
P. Mora ◽  
C. Sarthou
Keyword(s):  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Soil Arthropod ◽  
Rocky Outcrop

Stochastic and deterministic processes jointly structure tropical arthropod communities

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Farnon Ellwood ◽  
Andrea Manica ◽  
William A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Deterministic Processes
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