scholarly journals Sun bears use 14‐year‐old previously logged forest more than primary forest in Sabah, Malaysia

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei‐Hsiu Hwang ◽  
Mark A. Ditmer ◽  
Shu‐De Teo ◽  
Siew Te Wong ◽  
David L. Garshelis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Forest ◽  
Logged Forest

The consequences of selective logging for Bornean lowland forest birds

1992 ◽  
Vol 335 (1275) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Lowland Dipterocarp Forest

In lowland dipterocarp forest in Sabah, Malaysia, most primary forest bird species were present in areas selectively logged eight years previously. However, certain taxa, notably flycatchers, woodpeckers, trogons and wren-babblers, became comparatively rare. In contrast, nectarivorous and opportunistic frugivorous species were significantly more abundant. Few species appeared to change foraging height, but netting rates suggest that the activity of some species had increased, or that some birds ranged over larger areas after logging. Although there is still much to be learned about the survival of birds in logged forest, large areas of this habitat are important for bird conservation. However, the susceptibility of logged forest to fire, and our present incomplete understanding of bird behaviour and population dynamics in logged forests mean that they should not be considered by conservationists as alternatives to reserves of primary forest.

Effects of tree species heterogeneity on leaf fall in primary and logged dipterocarp forest in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. A. Burghouts ◽  
E. J. F. Campbell ◽  
P. J. Kolderman
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Logged Forest

ABSTRACTEffects of tree species heterogeneity on leaf fall were studied in a primary (4 ha) and in a selectively logged forest plot (2.5 ha) in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia, from April 1988 to December 1989. Leaf fall was collected at 30 sampling points in each plot, and identified to species.Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae and Meliaceae are important tree families in both plots with regard to their contribution to total basal area, tree density and annual leaf fall. The total number of tree species was higher in the primary forest plot (267) than in the logged forest plot (218), although the number of climber species was higher in the logged forest (44) than in the primary forest plot (33). The overlap in species composition between the two forest plots was relatively small (49%) compared with that in family composition (88%).In the primary forest plot, the Dipterocarpaceae contributed 29% of the total basal area and 34% of the annual leaf fall. In the logged forest plot these contributions were much lower, 11% and 15%. The contribution to annual leaf fall made by climbers and pioneer trees was higher in the logged forest plot (34%) than in the primary forest plot (8%).In the primary forest plot, leaf fall was dominated My large emergent and main canopy trees, mainly dipterocarps, and occurred as regular large peaks. In the logged forest leaf fall was dominated by climbers and many, relatively small trees of pioneer species, such as Macaranga hypoleuca, and was more evenly distributed in time.

scholarly journals The impact of selective logging on sympatric civet species in Borneo

Oryx ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Heydon ◽  
Pullin Bulloh
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
The Impact

Selective logging is the predominant method of commercial timber exploitation in South East Asia. Its effects upon mammalian carnivores have seldom been addressed, despite the vulnerability of these animals at the top of many food chains. The authors investigated the effects of logging by comparing the abundance of sympatric civet species, which display feeding strategies ranging from strict carnivory tofrugivory, in primary and selectively logged rainforest in the Malaysian state ofSabah in northern Borneo. All species occurred in disturbed forest, but the overall density of civets in logged forest (6.4 individuals per sq km) was found to be significantly lower than in primary forest (31.5 individuals per sq km). This reflected a marked reduction in the abundance of civets from the predominantly carnivorous subfamilies Viverrinae and Hemigalinae.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in abundance and diversity of butterflies in Bornean rain forests: opposite impacts of logging recorded in different seasons

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Hamer ◽  
J. K. Hill ◽  
N. Mustaffa ◽  
S. Benedick ◽  
T. N. Sherratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Logged Forest

We used traps baited with fruit to examine how the temporal variation of butterflies within primary forest in Sabah, Borneo differed between species. In addition, we compared patterns of temporal variation in primary and selectively logged forest, and we tested the hypothesis that selective logging has different recorded impacts on species diversity of adults during the wet monsoon period and the drier remaining half of the year. Species of Satyrinae and Morphinae had significantly less-restricted flight periods than did species of Nymphalinae and Charaxinae, which were sampled mainly during the drier season, especially in primary forest. Species diversity of adults was significantly higher during the drier season in primary forest, but did not differ between seasons in logged forest. As a consequence, logging had opposite recorded impacts on diversity during wetter and drier seasons: primary forest had significantly higher diversity than logged forest during the drier season but significantly lower diversity than logged forest during the wetter monsoon season. The results of this study have important implications for the assessment of biodiversity in tropical rain forests, particularly in relation to habitat disturbance: short-term assessments that do not take account of seasonal variation in abundance are likely to produce misleading results, even in regions where the seasonal variation in rainfall is not that great.

scholarly journals The orang-utan in Sabah

Oryx ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn Davies
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
The Future ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Orang Utan

A survey of orangutans in Sabah, Borneo, which was carried out by the author and John Payne, resulted in an encouraging picture. In the primary forest of eastern Sabah alone, there are at least 4000 orangutans, but habitat destruction is fragmenting the population. Hunting is also common, especially in the central and western areas where orangutans are already scarce. Some orangutans are protected in conservation areas, but the future of the species outside these places depends on logging being carried out in a more conservation-oriented way. Among other things, we need to discover the size of primary-forest patches that need to be left in logged forest to support a viable population of orang-utans, which will be able to recolonize the logged forest as it regenerates.

scholarly journals The effects of selective logging on the distribution of moths in a Bornean rainforest

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1391) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Willottf
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Forest Understorey ◽  
Minimum Estimate

The effects of selective logging on the diversity and species composition of moths were investigated by sampling from multiple sites in primary forest, both understorey and canopy, and logged forest at Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia. The diversity of individual sites was similar, although rarefied species richness of logged forest was 17% lower than for primary forest (understorey and canopy combined). There was significant heterogeneity in faunal composition and measures of similarity (NESS index) among primary forest understorey sites which may be as great as those between primary understorey and logged forest. The lowest similarity values were between primary forest understorey and canopy, indicating a distinct canopy fauna. A number of species encountered in the logged forest were confined to, or more abundant in, the canopy of primary forest. Approximately 10% of species were confined to primary forest across a range of species’ abundances, suggesting this is a minimum estimate for the number of species lost following logging. The importance of accounting for heterogeneity within primary forest and sampling in the canopy when measuring the effects of disturbance on tropical forest communities are emphasized.

scholarly journals Density of the Vulnerable Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi in a protected area in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedediah Brodie ◽  
Anthony J. Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Clouded Leopard ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Entire Study Area ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

AbstractPopulation density is an important parameter for monitoring and guiding conservation of small or threatened wildlife populations. Yet, despite the Vulnerable status of both species of clouded leopard Neofelis spp., and their disappearing tropical forest habitat, information on their population density is lacking from across their broad geographic ranges. Here we estimated population density of the Sunda clouded leopard N. diardi in the Maliau Basin Conservation Area in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, one of the first such estimates for either species of clouded leopard. With 25 camera-trap stations, each operated for at least 81 trap-nights, we obtained 59 detections of four individual Sunda clouded leopards in undisturbed primary rainforest but only a single detection in logged forest, despite similar sampling effort. Using spatially-explicit mark–recapture models, we estimated a density of 1.9 individuals per 100 km2 (95% confidence interval 0.7–5.4) for primary forest and 0.8 per 100 km2 (0.2–2.6) for the entire study area (including logged forest). These results will contribute to a better understanding of clouded leopard status and serve as a reference for future assessments of the species.

scholarly journals Negative Effects of Logging on Bird Dispersed Plants in Northern Papuan Lowland Forest, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110311
Author(s):  
Margaretha Pangau-Adam ◽  
Jolanta Slowik ◽  
Jan-Niklas Trei ◽  
Matthias Waltert
Keyword(s):  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Primary Forests ◽  
Habitat Parameters

Many plants in New Guinean rainforest have relatively larger fruits than those in other tropical forests and may depend on large animal dispersers, but little is known about the impacts of forest disturbance, especially logging, on the species composition and abundance of these trees. In order to provide a baseline for the understanding of their vulnerability, we counted fruiting plants and measured habitat parameters in primary and human-altered habitats in the little studied lowland forest of northern Papua, Indonesia. During the surveys coinciding with peak fruit season, eighty-nine species were recorded in fruit, with 71 species in 24 families known to be consumed by birds, and most of them (97%) were trees. The diversity of bird-consumed fruiting plants differed among the habitat types and was highest in undisturbed primary forest and hunted primary forest. Secondary forests still had a high number of species and individuals but were dominated by light demanding plants and a low number of uniquely found species. Logged forest and agricultural habitats showed only a low abundance of bird-consumed fruiting plants, being about 2-3 times lower than in primary forests. Plants with large sized fruits (diam. > 20 mm) were mainly found in primary forests, confirming their importance for maintaining interactions between large frugivorous birds and plants that are of relevance for forest regeneration.

scholarly journals Hornbill abundance in unlogged forest, selectively logged forest and a forest plantation in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Oryx ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparajita Datta
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Fig Tree

The responses of hornbills to selective logging were determined by comparing their diversity and abundance in five habitats classified according to logging history. Relative abundance of three hornbill species was compared along trails in recently logged forest, 20–25-year-old logged forest, unlogged primary forest, a relatively disturbed primary forest and a plantation in Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining reserve forests in western Arunachal Pradesh. The species recorded were the Oriental pied hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris, wreathed hornbill Aceros undulatus and great hornbill Buceros bicornis. The great hornbill was the most common species overall and its abundance varied across habitats, being highest in unlogged forest. The Oriental pied hornbill, which was recorded in only two habitats, seemed to show a distinct habitat preference for secondary growth, rivermargin forests. Wreathed hornbill abundance did not differ between habitats. Differences in species abundance probably reflect aspects of their ecology, such as degree of territoriality, diet and movement patterns, and differential vulnerability to hunting and disturbance. Great hornbill abundance was correlated with large tree density (GBH ≥ 150 cm) and basal area characteristic of unlogged primary forests, while Oriental pied hornbill abundance was negatively correlated with tall forest, indicating its greater numbers in low-stature river-margin forest. Wreathed hornbill abundance was not correlated with any vegetation variable, which is probably related to its reported nomadic movements in search of fruit patches. Hornbill abundance was not correlated with densities of potential food and nest tree species. Although hornbill abundance was not correlated with fig tree density, this was probably because areas where relative fig tree densities were lower often contained a few large fruiting figs. Because hornbills are large mobile birds, they can find resources such as fruiting figs even in otherwise unsuitable habitat.

scholarly journals Differences in the structure, species composition and diversity of primary and harvested forests on Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongkai Su ◽  
Dapao Yu ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Xiaokui Xie ◽  
Zhenggang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Logged Forest

Broadleaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest is a typical vegetation type in the eastern Eurasian continent. We compared the structure, composition and diversity of a primary forest and a logged forest for effective management and regeneration of a mixed forest ecosystem on Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. The logged forest was subjected to selective harvesting twenty years ago. The mean diameter and basal area for overall trees (&ge; 2 cm dbh) were higher in the primary forest than in the logged forest, whereas overall tree density was significantly lower in the former (994 &plusmn; 34 trees∙ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup>) than in the logged forest (1921 &plusmn; 79 trees∙ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup>). The values of species richness and both Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices for seedlings (&lt; 2 cm dbh, &ge; 50 cm tall), saplings (2&minus;9.9 cm dbh) and overall trees were greater in the primary forest. These results indicate that the selective logging had a lasting impact on the structural characteristics of the forest. There were major differences in species composition between the two forest sites, with the logged forest having more pioneer and mid-tolerant species than the primary forest. Diversity was more extensive in the logged forest due to the invasion of pioneer species. Twenty years is clearly an insufficient time for the logged forest to regain "primary" forest composition and structure. These two characteristics of the primary forest may serve as a reference for developing management plans for forest regeneration. &nbsp;

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