scholarly journals A framework for understanding how biodiversity patterns unfold across multiple spatial scales in urban ecosystems

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Swan ◽  
Bryan Brown ◽  
Dorothy Borowy ◽  
Jeannine Cavender‐Bares ◽  
Alienor Jeliazkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales

Inhibition of coral settlement at multiple spatial scales by a pervasive algal competitor

2019 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Evensen ◽  
C Doropoulos ◽  
KM Morrow ◽  
CA Motti ◽  
PJ Mumby
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Coral Settlement ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales

Assessment of clogging in constructed wetlands by saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Licciardello ◽  
R. Aiello ◽  
V. Alagna ◽  
M. Iovino ◽  
D. Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales ◽  
Ks Values

Abstract This study aims at defining a methodology to evaluate Ks reductions of gravel material constituting constructed wetland (CW) bed matrices. Several schemes and equations for the Lefranc's test were compared by using different gravel sizes and at multiple spatial scales. The falling-head test method was implemented by using two steel permeameters: one impervious (IMP) and one pervious (P) on one side. At laboratory scale, mean K values for a small size gravel (8–15 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 19,466 m/d and 30,662 m/d, respectively. Mean Ks values for a big size gravel (10–25 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 12,135 m/d and 20,866 m/d, respectively. Comparison of Ks values obtained by the two permeameters at laboratory scale as well as a sensitivity analysis and a calibration, lead to the modification of the standpipe equation, to evaluate also the temporal variation of the horizontal Ks. In particular, both permeameters allow the evaluation of the Ks decreasing after 4 years-operation and 1–1.5 years' operation of the plants at full scale (filled with the small size gravel) and at pilot scale (filled with the big size gravel), respectively.

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF THE HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATION FOR HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA WITH MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES USING REITERATED HOMOGENIZATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
E. Iglesias-Rodríguez ◽  
M. E. Cruz ◽  
J. Bravo-Castillero ◽  
R. Guinovart-Díaz ◽  
R. Rodríguez-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Small Parameter ◽  
Heat Conduction Equation ◽  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Conduction Equation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales ◽  
Effective Coefficients ◽  
Reiterated Homogenization

Heterogeneous media with multiple spatial scales are finding increased importance in engineering. An example might be a large scale, otherwise homogeneous medium filled with dispersed small-scale particles that form aggregate structures at an intermediate scale. The objective in this paper is to formulate the strong-form Fourier heat conduction equation for such media using the method of reiterated homogenization. The phases are assumed to have a perfect thermal contact at the interface. The ratio of two successive length scales of the medium is a constant small parameter ε. The method is an up-scaling procedure that writes the temperature field as an asymptotic multiple-scale expansion in powers of the small parameter ε . The technique leads to two pairs of local and homogenized equations, linked by effective coefficients. In this manner the medium behavior at the smallest scales is seen to affect the macroscale behavior, which is the main interest in engineering. To facilitate the physical understanding of the formulation, an analytical solution is obtained for the heat conduction equation in a functionally graded material (FGM). The approach presented here may serve as a basis for future efforts to numerically compute effective properties of heterogeneous media with multiple spatial scales.

Applying systematic conservation planning to improve the allocation of restoration actions at multiple spatial scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben L. Gilby ◽  
Andrew D. Olds ◽  
Christopher J. Brown ◽  
Rod M. Connolly ◽  
Christopher J. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Systematic Conservation Planning ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales

scholarly journals The Geographic Mosaic of Sex and Infection in Lake Populations of a New Zealand Snail at Multiple Spatial Scales

2013 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Vergara ◽  
Curtis M. Lively ◽  
Kayla C. King ◽  
Jukka Jokela
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Mosaic ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales

scholarly journals Geomorphological analysis of wetland distribution on various spatial scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Natsuki Sasaki ◽  
Toshihiko Sugai
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Aerial Photo Interpretation ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales ◽  
Wetland Distribution ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Geomorphological Analysis ◽  
Northern Japan

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This study introduces some case analyses of wetland distribution on various spatial scales, from nationwide to the area of a wetland group, with a focus on geomorphological feature. Then described the usefulness of GIS analysis in wetland research. The nationwide wetland distribution in Japan showed that wetland density was high at less than 200&amp;thinsp;m and around 1600&amp;ndash;2000&amp;thinsp;m. Wetlands in mountainous regions were concentrated in snowy Quaternary volcanic regions from the center to the northern part of Japan. This implied snow accumulation and topography of volcanic mountains are important for wetland formation. Secondly, we clarified that wetlands were mainly distributed on the gentle slope of original volcanic surfaces and in landslides in the Hachimantai volcanic groups, in the northern Japan, using 10-m grid DEM and aerial photo interpretation. With the higher-resolution data, it was clear that wetlands were arranged depending on the microtopography of landslides and volcanic surfaces and groundwater. Using data with resolution suitable for the target topographical size and combining the results of multiple spatial scales/resolutions, we can understand the origin of wetlands in more detail.</p>

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