scholarly journals Analyzing long‐term water quality of lakes in Rhode Island and the northeastern United States with an anomaly approach

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hollister ◽  
D. Q. Kellogg ◽  
B. J. Kreakie ◽  
S. D. Shivers ◽  
W. B. Milstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Northeastern United States

scholarly journals Increasing Chlorophyll a Amid Stable Nutrient Concentrations in Rhode Island Lakes and Reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hollister ◽  
D. Q. Kellogg ◽  
B. J. Kreakie ◽  
S. Shivers ◽  
W. B. Milstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Water Quality Trends

Addressing anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystems is a focus of lake management. Controlling phosphorus and nitrogen can mitigate these impacts, but determining management effectiveness requires long-term datasets. Recent analysis of the LAke multi-scaled GeOSpatial and temporal database for the Northeast (LAGOSNE) United States found stable water quality in the northeastern and midwestern United States, however, sub-regional trends may be obscured. We analyze a sub-regional (i.e., 3000 km2) trend with the University of Rhode Island’s Watershed Watch Volunteer Monitoring Program (URIWW) dataset. URIWW has collected water quality data on Rhode Island lakes and reservoirs for over 25 years. The LAGOSNE and URIWW datasets allow for comparison of water quality trends at regional and sub-regional extents, respectively. We assess regional (LAGOSNE) and state (URIWW) trends with yearly mean anomalies calculated on a per-station basis. Sub-regionally, temperature and chlorophyll a increased from 1993 to 2016. Total nitrogen shows a weak increase driven by low years in the early 1990s. Total phosphorus and the nitrogen:phosphorus ratio (N:P) were stable. At the regional scale, the LAGOSNE dataset shows similar trends to prior studies of the LAGOSNE with chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and N:P all stable over time. In short, algal biomass, as measured by chlorophyll a in Rhode Island lakes and reservoirs is increasing, despite stability in total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio. This analysis suggests an association between lake temperature and primary production. Additionally, we demonstrate both the value of long-term monitoring programs, like URIWW, for identifying trends in environmental condition, and the utility of site-specific anomalies for analyzing for long-term water quality trends.

scholarly journals The consequences for stream water quality of long-term changes in landscape patterns: Implications for land use management and policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 105679
Author(s):  
António Carlos Pinheiro Fernandes ◽  
Lisa Maria de Oliveira Martins ◽  
Fernando António Leal Pacheco ◽  
Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Long Term Changes

scholarly journals Examining the Climatology of Shortwave Radiation in the Northeastern United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2869-2881
Author(s):  
Janel Hanrahan ◽  
Alexandria Maynard ◽  
Sarah Y. Murphy ◽  
Colton Zercher ◽  
Allison Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Long Term Trends

AbstractAs demand for renewable energy grows, so does the need for an improved understanding of renewable energy sources. Paradoxically, the climate change mitigation strategy of fossil fuel divestment is in itself subject to shifts in weather patterns resulting from climate change. This is particularly true with solar power, which depends on local cloud cover. However, because observed shortwave radiation data usually span a decade or less, persistent long-term trends may not be identified. A simple linear regression model is created here using diurnal temperature range (DTR) during 2002–15 as a predictor variable to estimate long-term shortwave radiation (SR) values in the northeastern United States. Using an extended DTR dataset, SR values are computed for 1956–2015. Statistically significant decreases in shortwave radiation are identified that are dominated by changes during the summer months. Because this coincides with the season of greatest insolation and the highest potential for energy production, financial implications may be large for the solar energy industry if such trends persist into the future.

Long-term changes in water quality and ecological status of lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone with special reference to effectiveness of the lakes’ protection

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka E. Ławniczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Protection Strategies

AbstractThis paper evaluates water quality and ecological status of lakes located in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone. Changes in water quality were analyzed from 1974 to 2012 in order to assess the effectiveness of the protection strategies implemented on the studied lakes since 1957, i.e. the date when the park was established. The ecological status of the lakes was assessed with the use of macrophytes as well as hydromorphological and physicochemical analyses performed in 2012. Changes in water quality of the studied lakes within the last 40 years were analyzed based on available published and unpublished data, as well as field studies. All water bodies are characterized by advanced eutrophication. However, evaluation of the ecological status showed good status of the charophyte-dominated lakes, i.e. Lake Wielkowiejskie and Lake Budzyńskie. Lack of significant differences in physicochemical water qualities between the park and its buffer zone indicated that measures implemented to protect the water, particularly in the park, are ineffective. This study shows that more radical conservation measures are necessary to protect and improve the water quality, not only in WPN and its buffer zone but also in the whole catchment area.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in submicron particle concentrations in a metropolitan area of the northeastern United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Masiol ◽  
Stefania Squizzato ◽  
David C. Chalupa ◽  
Mark J. Utell ◽  
David Q. Rich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Submicron Particle ◽  
Long Term Trends

A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials on the Effectiveness of Opioids for Cancer Pain

2012 ◽  
Vol 3S;15 (3S;7) ◽  
pp. ES39-ES58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Koyyalagunta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Transdermal Fentanyl

Background: In all recommended guidelines put forth for the treatment of cancer pain, opioids continue to be an important part of a physician’s armamentarium. Though opioids are used regularly for cancer pain, there is a paucity of literature proving efficacy for long-term use. Cancer is no longer considered a “terminal disease”; 50% to 65% of patients survive for at least 2 years, and there are about 12 million cancer survivors in the United States. There is a concern about side effects, tolerance, abuse and addiction with long-term opioid use and a need to evaluate the effectiveness of opioids for cancer pain. Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to look at the effectiveness of opioids for cancer pain. Study Design: A systematic review of randomized trials of opioids for cancer pain. Methods: A comprehensive review of the current literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of opioids for cancer pain was done. The literature search was done using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, clinical trials, national clearing house, Web of Science, previous narrative systematic reviews, and cross references. The studies were assessed using the modified Cochrane and Jadad criteria. Analysis of evidence was done utilizing the modified quality of evidence developed by United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Outcome Measures: Pain relief was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures are quality of life (QoL) and side effects including tolerance and addiction. Results: The level of evidence for pain relief based on the USPSTF criteria was fair for transdermal fentanyl and poor for morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, methadone, and codeine. Limitations: Randomized trials in a cancer setting are difficult to perform and justify. There is a paucity of long-term trials and this review included a follow-up period of only 4 weeks. Conclusion: This systematic review of RCTs of opioids for cancer pain showed fair evidence for the efficacy of transdermal fentanyl and poor evidence for morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, methadone, and codeine. Key words: Opioids, pain relief, cancer pain, morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, fentanyl, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, buprenorphine.

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