scholarly journals Plant coexistence without asymmetry in competitor–colonizer abilities or spatial heterogeneity in resource distribution

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Pękalski ◽  
Hsiao‐Hsuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
Plant Coexistence

scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity in Resource Distribution Promotes Facultative Sociality in Two Trans-Saharan Migratory Birds

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e21016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainara Cortés-Avizanda ◽  
Pablo Almaraz ◽  
Martina Carrete ◽  
José A. Sánchez-Zapata ◽  
Antonio Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
Facultative Sociality

scholarly journals Individual determinants of social foraging tactic use when resources are defendable: An experiment with zebra finches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tej ◽  
Frédérique Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
Social Foraging ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Behavioural Type ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Foraging Tactic

In a social foraging context where individuals can search either for food (i.e. produce) or for opportunities to join (i.e. scrounge), bold individuals, generally, tend to produce more than shy individuals. Yet, the underlying cause of this link remains poorly understood. In particular, bold individuals might rely more on the producer tactic because they have less chance to detect joining opportunities compared to shy individuals or because they prefer more risky and uncertain behavioural tactics. To assess the importance of both mechanisms, we conducted a laboratory experiment with zebra finches (Taenyopigia guttata) that were observed while searching for defendable food patches using either the producer or the scrounger tactic, when their arrival order on the grid was either free or imposed by the experimenter. As anticipated, we detected a strong effect of neophobia on producer-scrounger tactic use, but contrary to most previous experiments in which food patches were not defendable, shy individuals, in the present study, relied more on the producer tactic. In addition, we found that arrival order had no significant effect on foraging tactic use in bold and shy individuals. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that producer-scrounger tactic use would not be determined by the ability of individuals to detect scrounging opportunities, but rather by their tolerance to uncertainty and risk. Furthermore, our findings have important evolutionary implications as they suggest that temporal and/or spatial heterogeneity in resource distribution, through influencing the success of each behavioural type, would contribute in maintaining personality differences within populations.

scholarly journals Individual determinants of social foraging tactic use when resources are defendable: An experiment with zebra finches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tej ◽  
Frédérique Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
Social Foraging ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Behavioural Type ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Foraging Tactic

In a social foraging context where individuals can search either for food (i.e. produce) or for opportunities to join (i.e. scrounge), bold individuals, generally, tend to produce more than shy individuals. Yet, the underlying cause of this link remains poorly understood. In particular, bold individuals might rely more on the producer tactic because they have less chance to detect joining opportunities compared to shy individuals or because they prefer more risky and uncertain behavioural tactics. To assess the importance of both mechanisms, we conducted a laboratory experiment with zebra finches (Taenyopigia guttata) that were observed while searching for defendable food patches using either the producer or the scrounger tactic, when their arrival order on the grid was either free or imposed by the experimenter. As anticipated, we detected a strong effect of neophobia on producer-scrounger tactic use, but contrary to most previous experiments in which food patches were not defendable, shy individuals, in the present study, relied more on the producer tactic. In addition, we found that arrival order had no significant effect on foraging tactic use in bold and shy individuals. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that producer-scrounger tactic use would not be determined by the ability of individuals to detect scrounging opportunities, but rather by their tolerance to uncertainty and risk. Furthermore, our findings have important evolutionary implications as they suggest that temporal and/or spatial heterogeneity in resource distribution, through influencing the success of each behavioural type, would contribute in maintaining personality differences within populations.

Soil Spatial Heterogeneity and Systems of Agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
V. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Third ◽  
Soil Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Agriculture Systems ◽  
Zonal Soils

Aim. To consider soil continuality and discreteness as features of heterogeneity manifestation in a soil cover, important for construction of agriculture systems. Methods. Geostatistical research of soil spatial heterogeneity, revealing the contours of a fi eld with various parameters of fertility. Results. The use of principles of precise agriculture and inspection of indicative properties of fi eld soils using a regular grid allowed to divide a fi eld into contours with three levels of fertility: the fi rst one is characterized by optimal or close to optimum properties which allows refusing from (or reducing substantially) tillage, introduction of fertilizers or chemical ameliorates; the second one has average parameters of fertility corresponding to zonal soils and demands the application of zonal technologies; the third one (with the worst parameters of fertility) presupposes regular use of the improved technologies. Conclusions. The introduction of precise agriculture will allow replacing a traditional zonal system with thenew which is soil-protecting and resource-saving one.

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