scholarly journals Modelling three‐dimensional space to design prey refuges using video game software

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ox Lennon ◽  
Heiko U. Wittmer ◽  
Nicola J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Prey Refuges ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

scholarly journals Modelling three-dimensional space to design prey refuges using video game software

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Lennon ◽  
Heiko Wittmer ◽  
Nicola Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Habitat Enhancement ◽  
Prey Refuges ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

© 2021 The Authors. Refuges can be ecologically important, allowing access only to some species or individuals and providing prey protection from predators. Creation of refuges can be used to protect threatened species from introduced predators, which can have large negative impacts that are difficult to attenuate via other means. To design refuges for conservation purposes, refuge accessibility to different species must be understood. Traditional techniques are not adequate to measure or describe complex three-dimensional spaces which are often important refuges. We designed a novel predictive method for modeling three-dimensional refuge space using video game software that simulates real-world physics (Unity, PhysX). We use the study system of endemic New Zealand skinks (Oligosoma spp.), their introduced predators, house mice (Mus musculus), and the habitat of interstitial spaces within rock piles to demonstrate how this modeling technique can be used to inform design of habitat enhancement for conservation. We used video game software to model realistic rock piles and measure their interstitial spaces, and found that the spaces we predicted matched those we measured in real rock piles using computed tomography (CT) scanning. We used information about the sizes of gaps accessible to skinks and mice and the results of our modeling to determine the optimal size of rocks to create refuges which would protect skinks from mice. We determined the ideal rock size to be those with graded diameters of 20–40 mm. The approach we developed could be used to describe interstitial spaces in habitats as they naturally occur, or it could be applied to design habitats to benefit particular species.

scholarly journals Modelling three-dimensional space to design prey refuges using video game software

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Lennon ◽  
Heiko Wittmer ◽  
Nicola Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Habitat Enhancement ◽  
Prey Refuges ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

© 2021 The Authors. Refuges can be ecologically important, allowing access only to some species or individuals and providing prey protection from predators. Creation of refuges can be used to protect threatened species from introduced predators, which can have large negative impacts that are difficult to attenuate via other means. To design refuges for conservation purposes, refuge accessibility to different species must be understood. Traditional techniques are not adequate to measure or describe complex three-dimensional spaces which are often important refuges. We designed a novel predictive method for modeling three-dimensional refuge space using video game software that simulates real-world physics (Unity, PhysX). We use the study system of endemic New Zealand skinks (Oligosoma spp.), their introduced predators, house mice (Mus musculus), and the habitat of interstitial spaces within rock piles to demonstrate how this modeling technique can be used to inform design of habitat enhancement for conservation. We used video game software to model realistic rock piles and measure their interstitial spaces, and found that the spaces we predicted matched those we measured in real rock piles using computed tomography (CT) scanning. We used information about the sizes of gaps accessible to skinks and mice and the results of our modeling to determine the optimal size of rocks to create refuges which would protect skinks from mice. We determined the ideal rock size to be those with graded diameters of 20–40 mm. The approach we developed could be used to describe interstitial spaces in habitats as they naturally occur, or it could be applied to design habitats to benefit particular species.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Quantitative image analysis of microbial communities with BiofilmQ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Hartmann ◽  
Hannah Jeckel ◽  
Eric Jelli ◽  
Praveen K. Singh ◽  
Sanika Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Image Cytometry ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractBiofilms are microbial communities that represent a highly abundant form of microbial life on Earth. Inside biofilms, phenotypic and genotypic variations occur in three-dimensional space and time; microscopy and quantitative image analysis are therefore crucial for elucidating their functions. Here, we present BiofilmQ—a comprehensive image cytometry software tool for the automated and high-throughput quantification, analysis and visualization of numerous biofilm-internal and whole-biofilm properties in three-dimensional space and time.

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