Indolic glucosinolate pathway provides resistance to mycorrhizal fungal colonization in a non‐host Brassicaceae

Fungi have an important role in nutrient cycling in most ecosystems on Earth, yet their ecology and functionality in deep continental subsurface remain unknown. Here, we report the first observations of active fungal colonization of mica schist in the deep continental biosphere and the ability of deep subsurface fungi to attach to rock surfaces under in situ conditions in groundwater at 500 and 967 m depth in Precambrian bedrock. We present an in situ subsurface biofilm trap, designed to reveal sessile microbial communities on rock surface in deep continental groundwater, using Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole, in eastern Finland, as a test site. The observed fungal phyla in Outokumpu subsurface were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota. In addition, significant proportion of the community represented unclassified Fungi. Sessile fungal communities on mica schist surfaces differed from the planktic fungal communities. The main bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota. Biofilm formation on rock surfaces is a slow process and our results indicate that fungal and bacterial communities dominate the early surface attachment process, when pristine mineral surfaces are exposed to deep subsurface ecosystems. Various fungi showed statistically significant cross-kingdom correlation with both thiosulfate and sulfate reducing bacteria, e.g., SRB2 with fungi Debaryomyces hansenii.

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Biochar Volatile Matter and Feedstock Effects on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Soil Fungal Colonization

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2018

Author(s):

Tai McClellan Maaz ◽

William C. Hockaday ◽

Jonathan L. Deenik

Keyword(s):

Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Nitrogen Transformations ◽

Production Methods ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics ◽

Relationship Of

Biochar has important biogeochemical functions in soil—first as a means to sequester carbon, and second as a soil conditioner to potentially enhance soil quality and fertility. Volatile matter (VM) content is a property of biochar that describes its degree of thermal alteration, which can have a direct influence on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soil. In this study, we characterized the VM in biochars derived from two locally sourced feedstocks (corncob and kiawe wood) and evaluated the relationship of VM content to nitrogen transformations and culturable fungal biomass. Using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we found that the VM content of biochar primarily consisted of alkyl (5.1–10.1%), oxygen-substituted alkyl (2.2–6.7%), and phenolic carbon (9.4–11.6%). In a series of laboratory incubations, we demonstrated that corncob biochars with high VM (23%) content provide a source of bioavailable carbon that appeared to support enhanced viable, culturable fungi (up to 8 fold increase) and cause nitrogen immobilization in the short-term. Corncob biochar with bioavailable VM was nitrogen-limited, and the addition of nitrogen fertilizer resulted in a four-fold increase in total hydrolytic enzyme activity and the abundance of culturable fungal colonies. In contrast, kiawe biochar with an equivalent VM content differed substantially in its composition and effect on these same biological parameters. Therefore, the rapid measurement of VM content is too coarse to differentiate chemical composition and to predict the behavior of biochars across feedstocks and production methods.

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Comparative Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Aliphatic, Indolic and Benzylic Glucosinolate Production in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves and Seeds

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/159.1.359 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 159 (1) ◽

pp. 359-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniel J Kliebenstein ◽

Jonathan Gershenzon ◽

Thomas Mitchell-Olds

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Environment ◽

Aliphatic Glucosinolates ◽

Glucosinolate Concentration ◽

Indolic Glucosinolates ◽

The Individual ◽

Concentration Mapping ◽

Indolic Glucosinolate ◽

Aliphatic Glucosinolate

Abstract Secondary metabolites are a diverse set of plant compounds believed to have numerous functions in plant-environment interactions. Despite this importance, little is known about the regulation of secondary metabolite accumulation. We are studying the regulation of glucosinolates, a large group of secondary metabolites, in Arabidopsis to investigate how secondary metabolism is controlled. We utilized Ler and Cvi, two ecotypes of Arabidopsis that have striking differences in both the types and amounts of glucosinolates that accumulate in the seeds and leaves. QTL analysis identified six loci determining total aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation, six loci controlling total indolic glucosinolate concentration, and three loci regulating benzylic glucosinolate levels. Our results show that two of the loci controlling total aliphatic glucosinolates map to biosynthetic loci that interact epistatically to regulate aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation. In addition to the six loci regulating total indolic glucosinolate concentration, mapping of QTL for the individual indolic glucosinolates identified five additional loci that were specific to subsets of the indolic glucosinolates. These data show that there are a large number of variable loci controlling glucosinolate accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Role of Autochthonous Filamentous Fungi in Bioremediation of a Soil Historically Contaminated with Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.72.1.28-36.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 28-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

A. D'Annibale ◽

F. Rosetto ◽

V. Leonardi ◽

F. Federici ◽

M. Petruccioli

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Soil Toxicity ◽

Germination Test ◽

Lignin Peroxidases ◽

Ph Conditions

ABSTRACT Nine fungal strains isolated from an aged and heavily contaminated soil were identified and screened to assess their degradative potential. Among them, Allescheriella sp. strain DABAC 1, Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3, and Phlebia sp. strain DABAC 9 were selected for remediation trials on the basis of Poly R-478 decolorization associated with lignin-modifying enzyme (LME) production. These autochthonous fungi were tested for the abilities to grow under nonsterile conditions and to degrade various aromatic hydrocarbons in the same contaminated soil. After 30 days, fungal colonization was clearly visible and was confirmed by ergosterol determination. In spite of subalkaline pH conditions and the presence of heavy metals, the autochthonous fungi produced laccase and Mn and lignin peroxidases. No LME activities were detected in control microcosms. All of the isolates led to a marked removal of naphthalene, dichloroaniline isomers, o-hydroxybiphenyl, and 1,1′-binaphthalene. Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3 was the most effective isolate due to its ability to partially deplete the predominant contaminants 9,10-anthracenedione and 7H-benz[DE]anthracen-7-one. A release of chloride ions was observed in soil treated with either Allescheriella sp. strain DABAC 1 or Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative dehalogenation. The autochthonous fungi led to a significant decrease in soil toxicity, as assessed by both the Lepidium sativum L. germination test and the Collembola mortality test.

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Bacterial and fungal colonization of burn wounds

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02762005000500014 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 535-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Jefferson Lessa Soares de Macedo ◽

João Barberino Santos

Keyword(s):

Fungal Colonization ◽

Burn Wounds

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The development of endomycorrhizal root systems. VIII. Effects of soil phosphorus and fungal colonization on the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in roots

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03739.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 297-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

F. AMIJEE ◽

D. P. STRIBLEY ◽

P. B. TINKER

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Root Systems ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Fungal Colonization

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Dynamics of fungal pathogens in host plant tissues

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b95-388 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (S1) ◽

pp. 1275-1283 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shigehito Takenaka

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Species Interactions ◽

Fungal Biomass ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Molecular Methods ◽

Plant Colonization ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Plant Tissues

To develop efficient control measures against fungal plant pathogens, the dynamics of host plant colonization during disease development and the interactions among fungi within host plant tissues need to be clarified. These studies require accurate quantitative estimation of specific fungal biomass in plant tissues. This has been approached by direct-microscopic methods, cultural methods, chemical determinations of fungal components, serological methods, and molecular methods. Among these methods, serological and molecular methods provide rapid, specific, and sensitive quantitative measures of fungal biomass in host plant tissues. Therefore, studies on fungal dynamics of host plant colonization using these two methods are presented. Some examples of species interactions among pathogenic fungi within host plants, such as synergism and competition, are reviewed and the usefulness of serological and molecular methods for studies on these interactions is presented. These quantitative methods will provide helpful information for understanding the ecology of plant pathogenic fungi, such as the dynamics of host plant colonization and species interactions. Key words: quantitative methods, fungal biomass, ELISA, PCR, fungal colonization, species interaction.

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