scholarly journals Reproductive maturity and cone abundance vary with tree size and stand basal area for two widely distributed conifers

Ecosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Andrus ◽  
Brian J. Harvey ◽  
Ashley Hoffman ◽  
Thomas T. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Stand Basal Area

Growth and wood quality of young loblolly pine trees in relation to stand density and climatic factors

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Cregg ◽  
P. M. Dougherty ◽  
T. C. Hennessey
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Stand Basal Area

A 10-year-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) in southeastern Oklahoma was thinned to three target basal-area levels: 5.8, 11.5, and 23 m2•ha−1 (control). Specific gravity, latewood percentage, date of transition from earlywood to latewood, growth, and climate variables were measured for 2 years after thinning. Variation in the measured wood properties was more influenced by climatic variation than by the thinning treatments. Diameter growth and per-tree basal-area growth were significantly greater on the thinned treatments both years after thinning. However, stand basal-area growth was greatest on the unthinned treatment. Basal-area growth rates were significantly related to stand basal area, tree size, soil water potential, and air temperature. Early in the summer, growth was positively related to mean daily temperature, while later in the summer, growth was negatively related to mean daily temperature, reflecting the influence of high-temperature stress on growth. A year with high summer rainfall (1984) resulted in wood with a higher percentage of latewood and higher specific gravity than wood produced in a year with low summer rainfall (1985). The date of latewood initiation was significantly related to tree size, soil moisture, and evaporative demand. The date of transition from earlywood to latewood occurred 10–14 days sooner on the unthinned plots in both years. However, annual ring latewood percentage and specific gravity were not significantly affected by thinning. Increased late-season growth rates compensated for the later transition date on the thinned treatments, resulting in no net change in ring latewood percentage due to thinning. The results indicate that individual tree basal-area growth can be increased by thinning without reducing wood density.

Properties of the quadratic mean diameter in balanced diameter distributions

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-476
Author(s):  
Donald J. Weatherhead ◽  
Roger C. Chapman ◽  
John H. Bassman
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Quadratic Mean ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Stand Basal Area ◽  
Diameter Distributions

Balanced diameter distributions are widely used to describe stand structure goals for residual growing stock in uneven-aged forests. The quadratic mean diameter is frequently used as a descriptor of a balanced diameter distribution. In this paper the quadratic mean diameter is shown to be independent of stand basal area for balanced diameter distributions with a common class width, maximum and minimum diameters, and de Liocourt's q ratio. Additionally it is shown that the quadratic mean diameter is relatively insensitive to changes in maximum tree size and q ratios for q ratios 1.5 and larger.

Effects of planting density and site quality on mean tree size and total stand growth of Eucalyptus globulus plantations

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 846-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Forrester ◽  
John C. Wiedemann ◽  
Robert I. Forrester ◽  
Thomas G. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Stand Basal Area

The choice of planting density is a primary silvicultural decision in plantation management which considers the trade-off between individual tree size and total stand production, affecting the type, quantity and quality of products throughout the rotation. Trends in size and production with planting density are generally well known, however, less so is the interacting effect of site quality. Consequently, a case study in which basal area and basal area growth of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations on five site qualities (122–435 m3·ha−1) planted at six densities (625 trees·ha−1, 4 m × 4 m; 833 trees·ha−1, 3 m × 4 m; 1000 trees·ha−1, 4 m × 2.5 m; 1250 trees·ha−1, 4 m × 2 m; 1667 trees·ha−1, 3 m × 2 m; and 2000 trees·ha−1, 3 m × 1.75 m) were used to investigate this interaction. As expected, both mean tree diameter of the whole stand and the basal area of the largest diameter 200 trees·ha−1 (D200 trees) were higher at lower planting densities, whereas whole stand basal area was greater at higher planting densities. However, there were no significant (P > 0.32) interactions between planting density and site quality for D200 or stand basal area, which contrasts with thinning responses in similar stands. This simplifies management considerations and suggests that trials at a given site quality may provide useful information about responses to planting density at other site qualities for the studied species.

scholarly journals Deriving Tree Size Distributions of Tropical Forests from Lidar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Franziska Taubert ◽  
Rico Fischer ◽  
Nikolai Knapp ◽  
Andreas Huth
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Allometric Relations ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Derived Data

Remote sensing is an important tool to monitor forests to rapidly detect changes due to global change and other threats. Here, we present a novel methodology to infer the tree size distribution from light detection and ranging (lidar) measurements. Our approach is based on a theoretical leaf–tree matrix derived from allometric relations of trees. Using the leaf–tree matrix, we compute the tree size distribution that fit to the observed leaf area density profile via lidar. To validate our approach, we analyzed the stem diameter distribution of a tropical forest in Panama and compared lidar-derived data with data from forest inventories at different spatial scales (0.04 ha to 50 ha). Our estimates had a high accuracy at scales above 1 ha (1 ha: root mean square error (RMSE) 67.6 trees ha−1/normalized RMSE 18.8%/R² 0.76; 50 ha: 22.8 trees ha−1/6.2%/0.89). Estimates for smaller scales (1-ha to 0.04-ha) were reliably for forests with low height, dense canopy or low tree height heterogeneity. Estimates for the basal area were accurate at the 1-ha scale (RMSE 4.7 tree ha−1, bias 0.8 m² ha−1) but less accurate at smaller scales. Our methodology, further tested at additional sites, provides a useful approach to determine the tree size distribution of forests by integrating information on tree allometries.

A New Index Representing Individual Tree Competitive Status

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Moore ◽  
Carl A. Budelsky ◽  
Richard C. Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Silvicultural Practices ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Area Growth

A new competition index, modified Area Potentially Available (APA), was tested in a complex unevenaged stand composed of 19 different hardwood species. APA considers tree size, spatial distribution, and distance relationships in quantifying intertree competition and exhibits a strong correlation with individual tree basal area growth. The most important characteristic of APA is its potential for evaluating silvicultural practices.

scholarly journals Stand basal area and temperature interact to influence growth in white spruce in southwest Alaska

Ecosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e02462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah Wright ◽  
Rosemary L. Sherriff ◽  
Amy E. Miller ◽  
Tammy Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Stand Basal Area

scholarly journals Loblolly Pine Outperforms Slash Pine in Southeastern Georgia and Northern Florida

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
John W. Rheney ◽  
Kenneth L. Hitch
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stand Basal Area ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A total of 141 paired plot installations remain of the 160 that were planted with slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly (P. taedaL.) pine across southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, after 14 growing seasons. Installations were evenly distributed across eight soil types. Analyses indicate that loblolly performed equal to or better than slash pine. There were no soil X species interactions. After 14 yr, loblolly pine had significantly higher survival (71% vs. 66%), stand basal area (98 vs. 81 ft2/ac), total stand volume (1857 vs. 1721 ft3/ac), merchantable stand volume (1497 vs. 1310 ft3/ac), total green weight (53 tons vs. 47 tons), and merchantable green weight (45 vs. 35 tons/ac) than slash pine. Growth over the period from age 11 to age 14 was also higher for loblolly than for slash indicating that the difference in the two species is diverging over time. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1): 31-36.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Stand Damage Following Timber Harvests in West Virginia

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt C. Hassler ◽  
Shawn T. Grushecky ◽  
Mary Ann Fajvan
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Residual Stand Damage ◽  
Stand Basal Area ◽  
Timber Harvests

Abstract Fixed plot sampling was used to measure residual stand damage on 101 harvested stands in West Virginia. Damage was categorized for roots, base, bole, and crown components of all trees 4 in. dbh and greater. The level of damage was correlated to both preharvest and residual stand densities. Equations were developed to estimate stand damage, based on preharvest and residual stand basal area and trees per acre. These equations were found to reasonably estimate levels of stand damage from previous studies in partial/selection cuts, but not in thinnings. North. J. Appl. For. 16(4):191-196.

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