scholarly journals Native honeybees as flower visitors and pollinators in wild plant communities in a biodiversity hotspot

Ecosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara A. Stanley ◽  
Simangele M. Msweli ◽  
Steven D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Flower Visitors

scholarly journals A matter of time: Recovery of plant species diversity in wild plant communities at declining nitrogen deposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Berendse ◽  
Rob H. E. M. Geerts ◽  
Wim Th. Elberse ◽  
Thiemo Martijn Bezemer ◽  
Paul W. Goedhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Wild Plant

scholarly journals Evidence of within-species specialization by soil microbes and the implications for plant community diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (15) ◽  
pp. 7371-7376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenalle L. Eck ◽  
Simon M. Stump ◽  
Camille S. Delavaux ◽  
Scott A. Mangan ◽  
Liza S. Comita
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Species Specific

Microbes are thought to maintain diversity in plant communities by specializing on particular species, but it is not known whether microbes that specialize within species (i.e., on genotypes) affect diversity or dynamics in plant communities. Here we show that soil microbes can specialize at the within-population level in a wild plant species, and that such specialization could promote species diversity and seed dispersal in plant communities. In a shadehouse experiment in Panama, we found that seedlings of the native tree species, Virola surinamensis (Myristicaceae), had reduced performance in the soil microbial community of their maternal tree compared with in the soil microbial community of a nonmaternal tree from the same population. Performance differences were unrelated to soil nutrients or to colonization by mycorrhizal fungi, suggesting that highly specialized pathogens were the mechanism reducing seedling performance in maternal soils. We then constructed a simulation model to explore the ecological and evolutionary consequences of genotype-specific pathogens in multispecies plant communities. Model results indicated that genotype-specific pathogens promote plant species coexistence—albeit less strongly than species-specific pathogens—and are most effective at maintaining species richness when genetic diversity is relatively low. Simulations also revealed that genotype-specific pathogens select for increased seed dispersal relative to species-specific pathogens, potentially helping to create seed dispersal landscapes that allow pathogens to more effectively promote diversity. Combined, our results reveal that soil microbes can specialize within wild plant populations, affecting seedling performance near conspecific adults and influencing plant community dynamics on ecological and evolutionary time scales.

scholarly journals How do plant communities and flower visitors relate? A case study of semi-natural xerothermic grasslands

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Chmura ◽  
Paweł Adamski ◽  
Zygmunt Denisiuk
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Rarefaction Analysis ◽  
Flower Visitors

<p>The paper examines the relationships between the species composition of flower visitors and plants in the semi-natural xerothermic grasslands in southern and central Poland. Thirty 10 × 10 m permanent plots were laid out in total, mainly in nature reserves. The vegetation units studied were classified according to the Braun-Blanquet system; these were phytocoenoses of the <em>Festuco-Brometea</em> classes <em>Inuletum ensifoliae</em>, <em>Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati</em> and the transitional plant community. Entomological research was performed using the Pollard method within the same plots. A particular site was visited only once and different sites were studied between April and August 2008. We applied, among others, co-correspondence-analysis Co-CA, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to investigate the co-occurrence patterns of plants and flower visitors and their biotopic requirements. We found that the species composition of flower visitors cannot be predicted by floristic composition when the duration of the study is restricted to one day (but under similar weather conditions); however, there is a positive relationship between the species richness of insects and plants and a positive relationship between the number of plant species and the abundance of flower visitors. The Ellenberg moisture index and the cover of meadow species significantly explained the species composition of insects. The three various vegetation units and five dominant xerothermic species, i.e. <em>Adonis vernalis</em>, <em>Anemone sylvestris</em>, <em>Inula ensifolia</em>, <em>Linum hirsutum</em> and <em>Carlina onopordifolia</em> that were studied across time differed in the species richness of insects. Our results demonstrate that possible patterns in the species composition and the assembly rules of flower visitors are not apparent when the Pollard method is applied. Based on the data obtained using this method, the flower visiting assemblages seem not to be driven by competition and they primarily show a tendency to co-occur which can be an artifact. A plant-focused method that included a rarefaction analysis yielded more insightful results and shed more light on the differences between the dominant plants that shape the physiognomy of plant communities in a possible pollination specialization.</p>

scholarly journals Feral swine damage to globally imperiled wetland plant communities in a significant biodiversity hotspot in Florida

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1879-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Engeman ◽  
Steve L. Orzell ◽  
Rodney K. Felix ◽  
Eric A. Tillman ◽  
Gary Killian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Feral Swine ◽  
Wetland Plant Communities

Estimating Floral Resources and Flower Visitors in Studies of Pollinator-Plant Communities

Oikos ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Tepedino ◽  
N. L. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Flower Visitors

scholarly journals ФЕНОЛОГІЧНІ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЗА РОЗВИТКОМ ВЕРОНІКИ ЛІКАРСЬКОЇ

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Milian ◽  
M. V. Melnyk ◽  
S. M. Marchyshyn ◽  
S. Yu. Cholach
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Experimental Plots

<p align="center"><strong>THE PHENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OF VERONICA OFFICINALIS DEVELOPMENT</strong></p><p align="center"><strong><sup>1</sup></strong><strong> </strong><strong>I.I</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> Milian, </strong><strong><sup>2</sup></strong><strong> </strong><strong>M</strong><strong>.V.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Melnyk, </strong><strong><sup>1</sup></strong><strong> </strong><strong>S.M.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Marchyshyn, </strong><strong><sup>1</sup></strong><strong> </strong><strong>S. Yu.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Cholach</strong></p><p align="center"><sup>1</sup>SHEI "Ternopil State Medical University byI. Ya. Gorbachevskogo Ministry of Health ofUkraine "</p><p align="center"><sup>2</sup>SHEI "Ivano-FrankivskNationalMedicalUniversity"</p><p>Veronica officinalis - wild plant of plantain family (Plantaginaceae). It grows on sandy soils in light forests throughoutUkraine. Veronica belongs to the species that are found on the edges, clearings, glades, forest meadows and among shrubs.</p><p>Natural reserves of Veronica Officinalis decrease every year, while the demand of pharmaceutical industry inUkrainefor raw materials of wild medicinal plants remains high. The purpose of our work is to study the features of Veronica Officinalis in the terms of culture.</p><p>Phenological observations were conducted by the methodics of the State Commission agricultural crops species-analysis on the research areas and in natural plant communities in the 3 - 10 - multiple repetition.</p><p>Analyzing the structure of morphogenesis of Veronica Officinalis, peculiarities of the formation and life of the parent bush were studied. Plants were planted ( on April 16) in the ground with the aisle 45h70 cm.</p><p>Gradual change of the shape of leaves of the plants was observed. The appearance of the first buds coincides with the period of intensive growth - from early June until the third decade of June. Budding phase continues until the first blooming flower. During this period, growing activity of the plant is reduced.</p><p>Change of day rhythm of bloom depends on temperature and humidity. Optimum conditions for flowers blooming can be considered air temperature 18 -22 Cand humidity 50 - 60%, while in the morning hours there is a maximum number of flowers in bloom</p><p>The average duration of flowering in nature conditions is 20 days. In natural plant communities in late phases of development of Veronica Officinalis begins.</p><p>If after flowering generative shoots are removed comes the second, less intense wave of flowering begins in the end of August.</p><p>Phase of growth and formation begins after fertilization, and further ripening and seed maturation take place. Maturation is accompanied by gradual dehydration of a plant leaves and stems become dry.</p><p>Fructification phase comprises three stages: milk, wax and full ripeness. Milk maturity is characterized by wreath shedding and the formation of ovaries.</p><p>Maturation of boxes takes place in stages. Average time of maturation boxes on experimental plots on average is - 26 days, in the natural plant communities - 36 days. Seeds storage is carried in the stage of full maturity. Height of the plant the ranged from 15 -30 cm.</p><p>Depending on the place of growth and meteorological conditions significant differences in all phenological phases are observed. Thus, plants Veronica Officinalis that grow in natural condition beginning of regrowth and flowering delay ruiting period for 10 - 15 days. During phenological observations on experimental plots of Veronica Officinalis differences in the onset phase of development are not significant. This indicates that the plants that grow in the same abiotic and edaphic conditions have the same type of occurrence of all phases of organogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> As a result of phenological observations it was found that to create favorable conditions for the development of Veronica Officinalis on research areas it is important to take into account the soil type, the availability of moisture, lighting and so on.</p><p> </p><ol><li>Beydeman Y..N. Metodyka yzuchenyya fenolohyy rastenyy y rastytelʹnykh soobshchestv / Y..N. Beydeman. – Novosybyrsk : Nauka, 1974. – 155 s.<br /> 2. Yzotova M. A. Travnyk. Luchshye retsepty narodnoy medytsyny / M. A. Yzotova, T. F. Plotnykova, YU. Y. Kyrova, N. A. Sarafanova. ― M. : Éksmo, 2009. ― 896 s.</li><li>Minarchenko V. M. Resursna znachushchistʹ vydiv likarsʹkykh roslyn Ukrayiny / V. M. Minarchenko, T. P. Harnyk // Fitoterapiya. ― 2013. ― № 4. ― S. 37―40.</li><li>Morozyuk S. S. Alʹbom z botaniky / S. S. Morozyuk, V. V. Protopopova . – K. : Radyansʹka shkola, 1979. – 151s.</li><li>Pro vnesennya zmin do nakazu MOZ Ukrayiny vid 16 lyutoho 2009 roku № 95: nakaz MOZ Ukrayiny № 118 vid 14.02.2013r. [Elektronnyy resurs] Rezhym dostupu do inf.: https://www.moz.gov.ua/ua/portal/dn_ 20130214 _0118. html</li><li>Roslynnyy svit ta lisovi resursy [Elektronnyy resurs] Rezhym dostupu do inf.: http://ukrmodno.com.ua/health/1-roslinnij-svit-ta-lisovi-resursi/ main.html</li></ol>

scholarly journals Complex effects of fragmentation on remnant woodland plant communities of a rapidly urbanizing biodiversity hotspot

Ecology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 2466-2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina E. Ramalho ◽  
Etienne Laliberté ◽  
Pieter Poot ◽  
Richard J. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot

scholarly journals Phosphorus nutrition of phosphorus-sensitive Australian native plants: threats to plant communities in a global biodiversity hotspot

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. cot010-cot010 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lambers ◽  
I. Ahmedi ◽  
O. Berkowitz ◽  
C. Dunne ◽  
P. M. Finnegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Phosphorus Nutrition ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Australian Native Plants
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