scholarly journals Ant diversity patterns across tropical elevation gradients: effects of sampling method and subcommunity

Ecosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Longino ◽  
Michael G. Branstetter ◽  
Philip S. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Ant Diversity

Disentangling elevational and vegetational effects on ant diversity patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 103489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaim J. Lasmar ◽  
Carla R. Ribas ◽  
Julio Louzada ◽  
Antônio C.M. Queiroz ◽  
Rodrigo M. Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Ant Diversity

scholarly journals How estimated ant diversity is biased by the sampling method? A case study of Crete: a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3031-3050
Author(s):  
Sebastian Salata ◽  
Konrad Kalarus ◽  
Lech Borowiec ◽  
Apostolos Trichas ◽  
Krzysztof Kujawa
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Ant Diversity ◽  
Mediterranean Biodiversity

scholarly journals Ant Diversity and Distribution along Elevation Gradients in the Australian Wet Tropics: The Importance of Seasonal Moisture Stability

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e0153420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Nowrouzi ◽  
Alan N. Andersen ◽  
Sarina Macfadyen ◽  
Kyran M. Staunton ◽  
Jeremy VanDerWal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Moisture Stability ◽  
Ant Diversity

scholarly journals Species richness and β-diversity patterns of macrolichens along elevation gradients across the Himalayan Arc

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subzar Ahmad Nanda ◽  
Manzoor-ul Haq ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
Zafar A. Reshi ◽  
Ranbeer S. Rawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Shaped Pattern ◽  
The Himalaya

AbstractUnderstanding the species richness and β-diversity patterns along elevation gradients can aid in formulating effective conservation strategies particularly in areas where local anthropogenic stresses and climate change are quite significant as in the Himalaya. Thus, we studied macrolichen richness and β-diversity along elevational gradients at three sites, namely Kashmir (2200 to 3800 m a.m.s.l), Uttarakhand (2000–3700 m a.m.s.l) and Sikkim (1700 to 4000 m a.m.s.l) which cover much of the Indian Himalayan Arc. In all, 245 macrolichen species belonging to 77 genera and 26 families were collected from the three sites. Only 11 species, 20 genera and 11 families were common among the three transects. Despite the differences in species composition, the dominant functional groups in the three sites were the same: foliose, fruticose and corticolous forms. The hump-shaped elevation pattern in species richness was exhibited by most of the lichen groups, though an inverse hump-shaped pattern was also observed in certain cases. β-diversity (βsor) based on all pairs of comparisons along an elevation gradient varied from 0.48 to 0.58 in Kashmir, 0.03 to 0.63 in Uttarakhand and 0.46 to 0.77 in Sikkim. The contribution of turnover to β-diversity was more than nestedness at all the three transects. Along elevation β-diversity and its components of turnover and nestedness varied significantly with elevation. While species turnover increased significantly along the elevation in all the three transects, nestedness decreased significantly in Kashmir and Sikkim transects but increased significantly in the Uttarakhand transect. Except for the Kashmir Himalayan elevation transect, stepwise β-diversity and its components of turnover and nestedness did not vary significantly with elevation. The present study, the first of its kind in the Himalayan region, clearly brings out that macrolichen species richness, β-diversity, and its components of turnover and nestedness vary along the elevation gradients across the Himalayan Arc. It also highlights that contribution of turnover to β-diversity is higher in comparison to nestedness at all the three transects. The variations in species richness and diversity along elevation gradients underpin the importance of considering elevational gradients in planning conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Climatic niche conservatism shapes the ecological assembly of Hawaiian arthropod communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ying Lim ◽  
Jairo Patiño ◽  
Suzuki Noriyuki ◽  
Luis Cateyano Simmari ◽  
Rosemary G Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
Resistance Surface

Spatial variation in climatic conditions along elevation gradients provides an important backdrop by which communities assemble and diversify. Lowland habitats tend to be connected through time, whereas highlands can be continuously or periodically isolated, conditions that have been hypothesized to promote high levels of species endemism. This tendency is expected to be accentuated among taxa that show niche conservatism within a given climatic envelope. While species distribution modeling approaches have allowed extensive exploration of niche conservatism among target taxa, a broad understanding of the phenomenon requires sampling of entire communities. Species-rich groups such as arthropods are ideal case studies for understanding ecological and biodiversity dynamics along elevational gradients given their important functional role in many ecosystems, but community-level studies have been limited due to their tremendous diversity. Here, we develop a novel semi-quantitative metabarcoding approach that combines specimen counts and size-sorting to characterize arthropod community-level diversity patterns along two elevational gradients across two volcanoes on the island of Hawai'i. We find that arthropod communities between the two transects become increasingly distinct compositionally at higher elevations. Resistance surface approaches suggest that climatic differences between sampling localities are an important driver in shaping beta-diversity patterns, though the relative importance of climate varies across taxonomic groups. Nevertheless, the climatic niche position of OTUs between transects was highly correlated, suggesting that climatic filters shape the colonization between adjacent volcanoes. Taken together, our results highlight climatic niche conservatism as an important factor shaping ecological assembly along elevational gradients and suggest topographic complexity as an important driver of diversification.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Diversity Peaks at Mid-Elevations Along an Amazon-to-Andes Elevation Gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy R. Griffiths ◽  
Miles R. Silman ◽  
William Farfan-Rios ◽  
Kenneth J. Feeley ◽  
Karina García Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Representing Tree ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Amazonian Lowlands

Elevation gradients present enigmatic diversity patterns, with trends often dependent on the dimension of diversity considered. However, focus is often on patterns of taxonomic diversity and interactions between diversity gradients and evolutionary factors, such as lineage age, are poorly understood. We combine forest census data with a genus level phylogeny representing tree ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms, and an evolutionary depth of 382 million years, to investigate taxonomic and evolutionary diversity patterns across a long tropical montane forest elevation gradient on the Amazonian flank of the Peruvian Andes. We find that evolutionary diversity peaks at mid-elevations and contrasts with taxonomic richness, which is invariant from low to mid-elevation, but then decreases with elevation. We suggest that this trend interacts with variation in the evolutionary ages of lineages across elevation, with contrasting distribution trends between younger and older lineages. For example, while 53% of young lineages (originated by 10 million years ago) occur only below ∼1,750 m asl, just 13% of old lineages (originated by 110 million years ago) are restricted to below ∼1,750 m asl. Overall our results support an Environmental Crossroads hypothesis, whereby a mid-gradient mingling of distinct floras creates an evolutionary diversity in mid-elevation Andean forests that rivals that of the Amazonian lowlands.

An Empirical Analysis of the Obtrusiveness of and Participants' Compliance with the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR)

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias R. Mehl ◽  
Shannon E. Holleran
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Audio Recorder ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract. In this article, the authors provide an empirical analysis of the obtrusiveness of and participants' compliance with a relatively new psychological ambulatory assessment method, called the electronically activated recorder or EAR. The EAR is a modified portable audio-recorder that periodically records snippets of ambient sounds from participants' daily environments. In tracking moment-to-moment ambient sounds, the EAR yields an acoustic log of a person's day as it unfolds. As a naturalistic observation sampling method, it provides an observer's account of daily life and is optimized for the assessment of audible aspects of participants' naturally-occurring social behaviors and interactions. Measures of self-reported and behaviorally-assessed EAR obtrusiveness and compliance were analyzed in two samples. After an initial 2-h period of relative obtrusiveness, participants habituated to wearing the EAR and perceived it as fairly unobtrusive both in a short-term (2 days, N = 96) and a longer-term (10-11 days, N = 11) monitoring. Compliance with the method was high both during the short-term and longer-term monitoring. Somewhat reduced compliance was identified over the weekend; this effect appears to be specific to student populations. Important privacy and data confidentiality considerations around the EAR method are discussed.

Emotional Variability Predicts Tiredness in Daily Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aire Mill ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Experience Sampling Method ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Intraindividual variability, along with the more frequently studied between-person variability, has been argued to be one of the basic building blocks of emotional experience. The aim of the current study is to examine whether intraindividual variability in affect predicts tiredness in daily life. Intraindividual variability in affect was studied with the experience sampling method in a group of 110 participants (aged between 19 and 84 years) during 14 consecutive days on seven randomly determined occasions per day. The results suggest that affect variability is a stable construct over time and situations. Our findings also demonstrate that intraindividual variability in affect has a unique role in predicting increased levels of tiredness at the momentary level as well at the level of individuals.

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