scholarly journals Biocontrol insect impacts population growth of its target plant species but not an incidentally used nontarget

Ecosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley A. Catton ◽  
Robert G. Lalonde ◽  
Yvonne M. Buckley ◽  
Rosemarie A. De Clerck‐Floate
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Target Plant

scholarly journals A POPULATION OF LYCHNOPHORA ERICOIDES MART. (ARNICA) (ASTERACEAE) IS PRONE TO EXTINCTION IN A SAVANNA OF CENTRAL BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
M. B. Medeiros ◽  
V. V. F. Lima ◽  
A. B. Giroldo ◽  
S. E. de Noronha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Lychnophora ericoides Mart. (Asteraceae), popularly known as arnica, is a plant species subjected to non-timber forest products extraction. Evidence is mounting that some local populations are on the brink of extinction. However, demographic studies of Lychnophora ericoides are rare. Therefore, as a step towards conservation, a remnant population of Lychnophora ericoides located in an area of the Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) in Central Brazil was evaluated from 2010 through 2014. Disturbances such as wildfires and harvesting of Lychnophora ericoides were randomly distributed throughout the study period in this area. Four annual transition matrices (A1, A2, A3 and A4) were constructed, based on life stages. The main results of studies of population dynamics for this species are as follows: 1) population growth rates (λ) with 95% confidence intervals indicated a declining population in all periods from 2010 to 2014; 2) stochastic population growth rate considering the four matrices was < 1 with value λ = 0.358 and CI95% = (0.354–0.362); 3) survival with permanence at the same stage of reproductive adult individuals (46–80%) contributed most to population growth rate, based on elasticity analysis; 4) the population is much less likely to have increases in density, compared with reduction, for all intervals from 2010 to 2014, based on transient indices; 5) the low value of λ in the high-mortality year was caused by lower stasis of individuals in the seedling or sapling and juvenile life stages, as well as fecundity in the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 intervals, as shown by a life table response experiment; and 6) 100% of the population will probably be extinct within 15 years. There is evidence that the main cause for local extinction of Lychnophora ericoides could be the effects of frequent wildfires. Based on these results, it is suggested that the time has come for significant conservation efforts to rescue this population, including monitoring, protection and education as the first steps towards protection of this vulnerable plant species.

scholarly journals Importance Socioculturelle Des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux Du Massif Forestier D’agoua Au Benin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Wotto Alex ◽  
Gbaguidi Aholidji Humbert Ulrich ◽  
Vissoh Ahotondji Sylvain
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

The aim of this research is to analyze the socio-cultural importance of non-ligneous forest products (NWFPs) in the forest of Agoua, located in the department of Hills in Benin. This research led to an inventory of NWFPs and ethnobotanical surveys among 50 foresters, 62 NWFP resellers, 46 consumers and 12 phytotherapists. The data collected relate to the plant species used as NWFPs by populations living on the massif of Agoua, to endogenous knowledge and to the use values of NWFPs. Thus, 105 plant species distributed in 48 families have been inventoried within the forest massif of Agoua. The determination of the different categories of NWFP uses revealed that 61 (58.09%) of the total number of plant species surveyed were used in traditional medicine, 30 in food (28.57%), 28 for various domestic uses (26.57%), 8 for building materials (7.61%), 6 for packaging (5.71%) and 4 for coloring (3.8%). The organs taken by the populations vary from one species to another and according to the use they make of them. In fact, it is the leaves, fruits, barks, flowers and roots that are used by the populations bordering the forest of Agoua. The excessive exploitation of NWFPs by the populations bordering on the Agoua forest is the cause of the decline and disappearance of these plant species with a high genetic and socio-cultural potential. The aggravation of this phenomenon with population growth may be detrimental to the sustainability of this forest ecosystem. In order to reduce the effects of such use, it is necessary to implement methods and collection rates that respect the sustainability of these resources.

Biology and population growth parameters of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on five host plant species

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Nagrare ◽  
Bhausaheb Naikwadi ◽  
Vrushali Deshmukh ◽  
S. Kranthi
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cotton Mealybug ◽  
China Rose ◽  
Population Growth Parameters

Abstract The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest of cotton, apart from several other important crops, and poses a serious threat to agricultural economy all over the world. Studies on the biology and population growth parameters of P. solenopsis on the five most preferred host plants, namely cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Malvaceae), China rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) (Malvaceae), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (Solanaceae), congress grass (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) (Asteraceae) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) (Malvaceae) were undertaken in the laboratory under controlled temperature and relative humidity. The mean cumulative development time of females was 16.61 days on cotton, 14.16 days on China rose, 14.13 days on okra, 14.00 days on tomato and 13.57 days on congress grass. The longest oviposition period was recorded on cotton (15.20 ± 1.87 days), while it was in the range of 9-10 days in the remaining host plants. Females lived longer (27.40 ± 1.76 days) when reared on cotton, while their life was shortest on tomato (14.60 ± 0.96 days). The highest fecundity was observed on cotton (328.30 ± 23.42), whereas it was found to be in the range 178-212 on the other hosts. The survival frequency from crawler to adult in females was highest on cotton (27.53%), while it was the lowest on tomato (15.87%). The highest net reproductive rate (284.3 females/female/generation), mean length of a generation (31.24 days), and intrinsic rate of increase (0.19 day−1) were recorded on cotton. The finite rate of increase was in the range of 1.18-1.20 (females/female/day) for all the selected host plants. The weekly multiplication rate was highest on China rose and congress grass (3.78), while it was the least on tomato (3.28). The corrected generation time was dissimilar in all the selected host plants, being highest on cotton (31.39 days) and the least on congress grass (27.71 days). The doubling time was shortest on congress grass (3.61 days), while it was longest on tomato (4.11 days). Hence, the host plant species significantly affects population growth of P. solenopsis.

scholarly journals Effect of Competition from Native on Alien Species in a Multitrophic Setting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Maria Malecore ◽  
Mark van Kleunen
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Multitrophic Interaction ◽  
Target Plant

1. Darwin&rsquo;s naturalization hypothesis predicts that alien species closely related to native species are less likely to naturalize because of strong competition due to niche overlap. Closely related species are likely to attract similar herbivores and to release similar plant volatiles following herbivore attack, thus could attract the same predators. However, the importance of phylogenetic relatedness on the interaction between alien and native plants has never been tested in a multitrophic context. 2. In a mesocosm experiment we grew six alien target plant species alone and in competition with nine native plant species of varying phylogenetic relatedness. To test the effects of multitrophic interactions on the performance of alien target species, we used enclosure cages to expose plants to the presence and absence of herbivorous arthropods, predatory arthropods and nematodes. 3. Surprisingly, biomass and number of flowering structures increased with presence of competitors for some of the alien species, but overall there was no consistent competition effect. Similarly, we found that none of the multitrophic-interaction treatments affected survival, biomass or number of flowering structures of the alien species. 4. We conclude there was no significant relationship between performance measures of the alien species and their phylogenetic relatedness to the native competitors.

scholarly journals Nitrogen limitation reduces the performance of target plant species in restored meadows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Klein‐Raufhake ◽  
Johannes Höfner ◽  
Norbert Hölzel ◽  
Klaus‐Holger Knorr ◽  
Christian Lampei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Target Plant

scholarly journals Restoring Native Plant Species in Crested Wheatgrass Rangelands Using Glyphosate and No-Till Reseeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Janel Johnson ◽  
S. Dennis Cash ◽  
Todd Yeager ◽  
Fred Roberts ◽  
Bok Sowell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
No Till ◽  
One Year ◽  
Target Plant

<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of spring application of glyphosate (1.1 kg/ha) on 1) crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn) phytomass, 2) seedling establishment of native grasses and forbs using no-till reseeding and 3) non-target plant species responses. Field trials were conducted at five sites in central and eastern Montana in 2002 and 2003. Each site contained sixteen 36x36 m plots to test four treatments. The treatments included control, glyphosate only, glyphosate plus cool season plants no-till seeded in the fall, and glyphosate plus spring no-till seeding of cool season plants in 2002. In 2003, one half of the plots were sprayed a second time with glyphosate to control crested wheatgrass growth. Five 0.25 m2 quadrats per plot sampled in August were used to estimate crested wheatgrass, seeding and non-target phytomass. Split plot error was the testing term for glyphosate treatment differences, and the whole plot error was the testing term for planting treatments. Data that was not normally distributed was rank-transformed. Data was analyzed by site due to site by treatment interactions. Application of glyphosate for two consecutive years reduced crested wheatgrass phytomass 91% compared to controls. Application for one year reduced phytomass 56% across all sites but two sites showed no reduction in phytomass one year after application. No-till seeding failed on four of five sites due to lack of adequate moisture and did not influence seedling phytomass a year after planting. Non-target plant species biomass was increased by glyphosate application on four of five sites. Application of glyphosate did not increase seedling establishment planted under low moisture conditions, but it increased biomass of non-seeded plants.</span></p>

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