scholarly journals Herbivore density mediates the indirect effect of herbivores on plants via induced resistance and apparent competition

Ecosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Ramirez ◽  
Micky D. Eubanks
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Shoji ◽  
Emily Luther ◽  
Roman Cieslak ◽  
Ewelina Smoktunowicz ◽  
Charles C. Benight

Diabetes ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 906-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bostrom ◽  
Z. Nie ◽  
G. Goertz ◽  
J. Henriksson ◽  
H. Wallberg-Henriksson

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Saniatun Nurhasah ◽  
Jono M Munandar ◽  
Muhammad Syamsun

<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>Indonesia is one of the largest Moslem population countries in the world. It leads to the increasing of halal product demand in Indonesia. The awareness to consume halal product becomes a large market potential for producers to produce their halal products. Nowadays, halal is not only purely about religion matter, but also about business and trade. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting customers on purchasing halal buying interest on processed food. We use a purposive sampling method with 109 respondents who are customers of the supermarkets and minimarkets in Bogor City/District, Indonesia. While data analysis is done by SEM-PLS method, this study uses brand image, perceived quality, perceived value, halal certification, health reason, halal awareness, and halal marketing as the factors which are affecting the halal purchase intention of the customers. The result showed that health reason, halal awareness, and perceived value have a significant and positive direct effect on purchasing intention. Halal marketing also shows a significant and positive effect on purchasing intention. While halal marketing shows a negative and significant effect on purchasing intention. The food safety, halal certification, brand image, and perceived quality show the same effect which has no direct effect on purchasing intention. Furthermore, food safety has an indirect effect on purchasing intention through health reason. Halal certification has an indirect effect on minat beli through brand image variable. Meanwhile, brand image and perceived quality have an indirect effect through perceived value variable on purchasing intention.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Indonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia. Hal ini menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan produk halal di Indonesia. Kesadaran untuk mengkonsumsi produk halal menjadi potensi pasar yang besar bagi produsen untuk memproduksi produk halal mereka. Saat ini, halal tidak hanya murni soal agama, tapi juga soal bisnis dan perdagangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat pelanggan dalam membeli pada makanan olahan halal. Kami menggunakan metode voluntery sampling dengan 109 responden yang merupakan pelanggan supermarket dan minimarket di Kota/Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode SEM-PLS. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra merek, persepsi kualitas, persepsi nilai, sertifikasi halal, kesehatan, kesadaran halal, dan Pemasaran halal sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi niat pembelian halal pelanggan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran halal, alasan kesehatan, dan persepsi nilai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Pemasaran halal juga menunjukkan efek positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Sedangkan pemasaran halal menunjukkan efek negatif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Keamanan pangan, sertifikasi halal, citra merek, dan kualitas yang dirasakan menunjukkan efek yang sama yang tidak berpengaruh langsung pada niat beli. Selanjutnya, keamanan pangan berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui alasan kesehatan. Sertifikasi halal memiliki efek tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui variabel citra merek. Sedangkan citra merek dan persepsi kualitasmemiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui persepsi nilai variable terhadap niat beli.</p>


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Kay Montoya ◽  
Andrew F. Hayes

Researchers interested in testing mediation often use designs where participants are measured on a dependent variable Y and a mediator M in both of two different circumstances. The dominant approach to assessing mediation in such a design, proposed by Judd, Kenny, and McClelland (2001), relies on a series of hypothesis tests about components of the mediation model and is not based on an estimate of or formal inference about the indirect effect. In this paper we recast Judd et al.’s approach in the path-analytic framework that is now commonly used in between-participant mediation analysis. By so doing, it is apparent how to estimate the indirect effect of a within-participant manipulation on some outcome through a mediator as the product of paths of influence. This path analytic approach eliminates the need for discrete hypothesis tests about components of the model to support a claim of mediation, as Judd et al’s method requires, because it relies only on an inference about the product of paths— the indirect effect. We generalize methods of inference for the indirect effect widely used in between-participant designs to this within-participant version of mediation analysis, including bootstrap confidence intervals and Monte Carlo confidence intervals. Using this path analytic approach, we extend the method to models with multiple mediators operating in parallel and serially and discuss the comparison of indirect effects in these more complex models. We offer macros and code for SPSS, SAS, and Mplus that conduct these analyses.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Seok Song ◽  
Eun Ji Park ◽  
Tae Hwan Kim ◽  
Dong Hae Kang ◽  
Jong Taek Hong ◽  
...  

Abstract Efficient and effective failure analysis (FA) of low-resistive defect was studied by using layout-aware and volume diagnosis. Small or marginal defect is one of the most difficult defectivities to identify during FA effort, especially if defect-induced resistance is not as high as the electrical isolation can detect. Here, we used new analysis methodologies, particularly using layout-aware and volume diagnosis, and prioritizing patterns in terms of a defective risk for following FA. The actual FA work verified that new analysis methodologies successfully identified low-resistive defect of Back-End-of-Line (BEOL) which was not detected by a conventional way and efficiently reduced the turn-around time (TAT) of physical failure analysis (PFA) by 57%, prompting fast feedback to fab.


Author(s):  
Frank S. Arnold

Abstract To be better prepared to use laser based failure isolation techniques on field failures of complex integrated circuits, simple test structures without any failures can be used to study Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change (OBIRCH) results. In this article, four case studies are presented on the following test structures: metal strap, contact string, VIA string, and comb test structure. Several experiments were done to investigate why an OBIRCH image was seen in certain areas of a VIA string and not in others. One experiment showed the OBRICH variation was not related to the cooling and heating effects of the topology, or laser beam focusing. A 4 point probe resistance measurement and cross-sectional views correlated with the OBIRCH results and proved OBIRCH was able to detect a variation in VIA fabrication.


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