Inter- and intraspecific variation of stemflow production fromFagus grandifoliaEhrh. (American beech) andLiriodendron tulipiferaL. (yellow poplar) in relation to bark microrelief in the eastern United States

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hard Maple (Acer saccharum) and Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)

Forest Products Journal ◽

10.13073/fpj-d-20-00005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 326-334

Author(s):

Marly Gabriela Carmona Uzcategui ◽

Roy Daniel Seale ◽

Frederico José Nistal França

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Acer Saccharum ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Yellow Poplar ◽

Clear Wood

Abstract Maple and poplar are common names of species that grow in the eastern United States. Physical and mechanical properties were evaluated from small clear wood specimens of hard maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). Specific gravity, static bending strength and modulus of elasticity, compression parallel and perpendicular to grain, and Janka hardness were tested. The experiments were carried out on defect-free specimens extracted from boards supplied by members of the Staircase Manufacturers Association. The material was donated by companies located in the eastern United States. On the basis of the findings, it can be stated that mechanical properties for maple and yellow poplar have not changed substantially because the average values remain in a range that is very close to the values published in previous studies.

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Stemflow and dissolved organic carbon cycling: temporal variability in concentration, flux, and UV-Vis spectral metrics in a temperate broadleaved deciduous forest in the eastern United States

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-173 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 207-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Delphis F. Levia ◽

John T. Van Stan, II ◽

Shreeram P. Inamdar ◽

Matthew T. Jarvis ◽

Myron J. Mitchell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Fagus Grandifolia ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Storm Events ◽

Yellow Poplar ◽

American Beech ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Chemical Character

No known research has examined the concentration and flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for stemflow across temporal scales from within single storm events to seasonal and annual scales or employed UV-Vis spectral metrics to examine the chemical character of dissolved organic matter (DOM) of stemflow drainage. Thus, our study examined stemflow DOC concentration and flux and DOM character from American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and yellow poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.) to address this data gap. Intrastorm stemflow DOC concentrations and fluxes diminished by an order of magnitude over time for American beech but remained relatively constant for yellow poplar. Stemflow DOM aromaticity, however, generally increased and E2:E3 ratios generally decreased as events progressed, suggesting transport of different compounds at different moments. Although less enriched in DOC than yellow poplar, American beech stemflow DOC fluxes were double per annum. Differential interspecific stemflow DOM characteristics are ascribed to (i) significant differences in SUVA254 values (aromaticity) for the leafless season and annually and (ii) significantly higher E2:E3 and SR ratios for yellow poplar stemflow than for American beech annually and across leafed and leafless seasons. Our results suggest that stemflow significantly affects the amount and chemical character of carbon flux to the forest floor that may engender hot spots around tree boles.

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Disentangling the roles of inter and intraspecific variation on leaf trait distributions across the eastern United States

10.1101/2021.04.01.438064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sergio Marconi ◽

Benjamin G Weinstein ◽

Jeremy W Lichstein ◽

Stephanie A Bohlman ◽

Aditya Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Intraspecific Variation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Interspecific Variation ◽

Joint Model ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Leaf Trait ◽

Data Limitations ◽

Phylogenetic Constraints

Functional traits are central to how organisms perform and influence ecosystem function. Although phylogenetic constraints and environmental conditions are both known to affect trait distributions, data limitations have resulted in large scale studies modeling traits either as species weighted averages (ignoring intraspecific variation) or as a function of the environment (ignoring phylogenetic constraints). As a result, large scale predictions for trait distributions do not include key drivers, likely resulting in biased predictions, and cannot be used to assess the relative contributions of inter- and intraspecific variation. To address these limitations, we developed a joint model integrating phylogenetic and environmental information to understand and predict the distribution of eight leaf traits across the eastern United States. This joint model explained 68% of trait variation, outperforming both species-only and environment-only models, with variance attributable to phylogeny alone (23%), the environment alone (18%), and their overlapping effects (26%). The importance of phylogenetic constraints and the environment varied by trait, with some traits associated predominantly with environmental variation and others with phylogeny. To make predictions more continuously across the eastern USA we combined this model with data from the large-scale Forest Inventory and Analysis survey to estimate traits for ~1.2 million trees. The combined model exhibited significant deviations in predictions from both species-only and environment-only models with variation in the direction and magnitude of these differences among ecoregions. These predictions demonstrate the importance of modeling both intra- and interspecific variation to understand and predict large scale gradients in species and ecosystem traits.

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