Estimating groundwater evapotranspiration by phreatophytes using combined water level and soil moisture observations

Ecohydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian‐Ye Wang ◽  
Jing‐Jie Yu ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Lei‐Lei Min ◽  
Sergey P. Pozdniakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Evapotranspiration

scholarly journals Design and Development of an Automatic Prototype Smart Irrigation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Input Signals ◽  
Crop Field

In the current condition, it is difficult to increase plant development and reduce expenses in agricultural sectors; nevertheless, an advanced thought leads to the use of an automated model that introduces automation in the irrigation system, which can aid in improved water and human resources management. An automated model has been developed using sensors and microcontroller technology, to make the most efficient use of water supply for irrigation. A soil moisture content detector is inserted into the soil of the crops, and an ultrasonic sensor is placed above the soil of the crops to measure the water level after irrigation has begun. A C++ program with threshold values for the moisture sensor was used to start the system in the crop field depending on the soil moisture level, and an ultrasonic sensor was used to control the water in the crop field. The Arduino UNO board is a microcontroller inbuilt of Atmel in the mega AVR family (ATMega328) and the sensors were used to lead the model in turning ON/OFF. A microcontroller was included in this model to run the program by receiving sensor input signals and converting them to soil water content and water level values in the crop field. The microcontroller began by receiving input values, which resulted in an output instructing the relay to turn on the groundwater pump. An LCD screen has also been interfaced with the microcontroller to show the percentage of moisture in the soil, field water level, and pump condition. When the soil moisture level reaches 99 percent and the water level reaches 6 cm after 2.5 and 4 minutes, respectively, the pump is turned off. This model, according to the study, might save water, time, and reduce human effort.

scholarly journals Design a Monitoring and Control in Irrigation Systems using Arduino Wemos with the Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Lukman Medriavin Silalahi ◽  
Setiyo Budiyanto ◽  
Freddy Artadima Silaban ◽  
Arif Rahman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Level Sensor

Irrigation door is a big issue for farmers. The factor that became a hot issue at the irrigation gate was the irresponsible attitude of the irrigation staff regarding the schedule of opening/closing the irrigation door so that it caused the rice fields to becoming dry or submerged. In this research, an automatic prototype system for irrigation system will be designed based on integrating several sensors, including water level sensors, soil moisture sensors, acidity sensors. This sensor output will be displayed on Android-based applications. The integration of communication between devices (Arduino Nano, Arduino Wemos and sensors supporting the irrigation system) is the working principle of this prototype. This device will control via an Android-based application to turn on / off the water pump, to open/close the irrigation door, check soil moisture, soil acidity in real time. The pump will automatically turn on based on the water level. This condition will be active if the water level is below 3cm above ground level. The output value will be displayed on the Android-based application screen and LCD screen. Based on the results of testing and analysis of the prototype that has been done in this research, the irrigation door will open automatically when the soil is dry. This condition occurs if the water level is less than 3 cm. The calibrated Output value, including acidity sensor, soil moisture sensor and water level sensor, will be sent to the server every 5 seconds and forwarded to an Android-based application as an output display.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term hydrologic controls on smouldering fire in wetland soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan L. Schulte ◽  
Daniel L. McLaughlin ◽  
Frederic C. Wurster ◽  
J. Morgan Varner ◽  
Ryan D. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Hydrologic Restoration ◽  
Great Dismal Swamp ◽  
Hydrologic Controls ◽  
Hydrologic Management

Smouldering fire vulnerability in organic-rich, wetland soils is regulated by hydrologic regimes over short (by antecedent wetness) and long (through influences on soil properties) timescales. An integrative understanding of these controls is needed to inform fire predictions and hydrologic management to reduce fire vulnerability. The Great Dismal Swamp, a drained peatland (Virginia and North Carolina, USA), recently experienced large wildfires, motivating hydrologic restoration efforts. To inform those efforts, we combined continuous water levels, soil properties, moisture holding capacity and smouldering probability at four sites along a hydrologic gradient. For each site, we estimated gravimetric soil moisture content associated with a 50% smouldering probability (soil moisture smoulder threshold) and the water tension required to create this moisture threshold (tension smoulder threshold). Soil properties influenced both thresholds. Soils with lower bulk density smouldered at higher moisture content but also had higher moisture holding capacity, indicating that higher tensions (e.g. deeper water tables) are required to reach smouldering thresholds. By combining thresholds with water level data, we assessed smouldering vulnerability over time, providing a framework to guide fire prediction and hydrologic restoration. This work is among the first to integrate soil moisture thresholds, moisture holding capacities and water level dynamics to explore spatiotemporal variation in smouldering fire vulnerability.

Pollen Response-Surface Estimates of Late-Quaternary Changes in the Moisture Balance of the Northeastern United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Webb ◽  
Katherine H. Anderson ◽  
Thompson Webb
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Moisture Balance

AbstractQuantitative estimates of late-Quaternary climate in the northeastern United States are reconstructed from fossil pollen data to evaluate changes in the regional moisture balance inferred from water-level fluctuations. We use environmental response surfaces to calibrate modern pollen data (for 17 different taxa) to an index of effective soil moisture and mean annual precipitation. We apply these response surfaces to fossil pollen data from 60 sites in the region to reconstruct changes in soil moisture and mean annual precipitation at 3000-yr intervals from 12,000 yr B.P. to present. The mapped reconstructions of soil moisture and mean annual precipitation illustrate how the regional moisture balance of the Northeast may have changed over the last 12,000 yr in response to changing climate. Reconstructions of annual precipitation show a gradual increase from 30% below modern values at 12,000 yr B.P. to near-modern values by 6000 yr B.P. and then remain relatively constant thereafter. Reconstructed changes in the index of effective soil moisture, however, show a pattern of near-modern values at 12,000, 6000, and 3000 yr B.P., with significantly lower values estimated for 9000 yr B.P., the time of maximum pine pollen abundances in the Northeast. This pattern of change is similar to the change in regional moisture balance inferred from stratigraphic records of water-level fluctuations. These results confirm previous interpretations, based on records of water-level fluctuations, that conditions in the Northeast were significantly drier during the early to middle Holocene than at other times during the last 12,000 yr.

scholarly journals Eco-hydrological effects of stream-aquifer water interaction: A case study of the Heihe River Basin, northwestern China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Zeng ◽  
Zhenghui Xie ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Linying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Heihe River

Abstract. A scheme describing the process of stream-aquifer interaction was incorporated into the land model CLM4.5 to investigate the effects of stream water conveyance over riparian banks on ecological and hydrological processes. Two groups of simulations for five typical river cross-sections in the middle reaches of the arid zone Heihe River Basin were conducted. The simulated riparian ground water table at a propagation distance of less than 1 km followed the intra-annual flu ctuation of the river water level, and the correlation was excellent (R2 = 0.9) between the river water level and the groundwater table at the distance 60 m from the river. The correlation rapidly decreased as distance increased. In response to the variability of the water table, soil moisture at deep layers also followed the variation of river water level all year, while soil moisture at the surface layer was more sensitive to the river water level in the drought season than in the wet season. With increased soil moisture, the average gross primary productivity and respiration of riparian vegetation within 300 m from the river at a typical section of the river increased by approximately 0.03 mg C m−2 s−1 and 0.02 mg C m −2 s−1, respectively, in the growing season. Consequently, the net ecosystem exchange increased by approximately 0.01 mg C m−2 s−1, and the evapotranspiration increased by approximately 3 mm d−1. Furthermore, the length of the growing season of riparian vegetation also increased by 2–3 months due to the sustaining water recharge from the river.

scholarly journals Disaster Risk Mitigation for Forest and Land Fire Prevention in Sumatera

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tukiyat Tukiyat ◽  
F. Heru Widodo ◽  
R. Djoko Goenawan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Weather Modification ◽  
Actual Fire

<em>The phenomenon of forest and land fires (karhutla) in Sumatera always recurs every year. During the dry season, it is necessary to be aware of the emergence of hotspots and be addressed immediately before an actual fire occurs. This study aims to prevent the risk of forest and land fires by applying Weather Modification Technology (TMC). The application of TMC is intended to wet the land (rewetting) so that hotspots do not appear. The research was conducted in Riau, Jambi and South Sumatera Provinces. Research observations were carried out from May to June 2020. The results showed that TMC could increase the intensity of rainfall. The volume of rainwater produced for Riau is 44.1 million m<sup>3</sup> and in Jambi and South Sumatera as much as 50.20 million m<sup>3</sup>. The rainfall that falls is expected to wet the peatlands and fill the peat domes so that TMAT (ground water level) is maintained and soil moisture is maintained. During the implementation of TMC, it was possible to keep the TMAT from dropping more than 40 cm, even for some locations where the TMAT peat measurement had increased.</em>

scholarly journals Detecting Soil Moisture Content using Self Balancing Rover

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Automatic Balancing ◽  
Modern Era

The depleting health of the soil is because of the depreciating water level continuously and is now the major concern in this modern era. This paper focuses on determining the soil moisture content in the soil by the means of help of an automatic balancing robotic system. The main objective of this paper is to develop a robotic system which moves through uneven land without tumbling or rolling over, can be easily controlled or maneuvered through rough land patches and even records data simultaneously to detect the moisture content of the soil at a particular place. The setup is such that the rover is moved through fields and then at a certain interval of time it inserts sensor electrodes in the soil and provides with the precisely accurate readings. This method will be useful for irrigation purposes. As, the farmer can focus more on that part of land and irrigating that patch which has low level of moisture content. The aim of the paper is to determine that this method can decrease the use of water for irrigation purposes.

An Ultra-Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna for WSN based IoT applications in agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dishant Khosla ◽  
Kulwinder Singh Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dielectric Resonator ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Dielectric Resonator Antenna

Background: Agriculture sector is one of the prime and widely spread sectors. So to make it autonomous and increase yield, we require a major technological improvement. The only solution to make advancement is with the use of wireless sensor networks. Internet of Things in this field is used to provide connectivity to all real-time sensors and to collect that data in computer-based systems without human involvement. Objective: IoT based system is used to monitor physical and environmental conditions of agriculture field through a network of wireless sensor. Here, a novel ultra-wideband Dielectric Resonator antenna is designed that is used in Wi-Fi for transmission of data received from sensors. The antenna designed should be easy to fabricate and compact in size and should provide high data rates. The complete designed system should be reliable and cost effective one. Method: A proposed IoT based system monitors physical and environmental conditions using wireless sensor network consisting of power supply, soil moisture sensor (FC-28), humidity sensor (LM-35), temperature sensor (HR-202), water level sensor, ARM 7 processor, liquid crystal display (LCD), Relay, motor and Wi-Fi module that is installed at remote locations and connected to the main system comprises of a novel ultra-wideband Dielectric Resonator antenna. Results: The designed WSN based IoT system for agriculture application monitors temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and water level in the field. For Wi-Fi module implementation ultra-wideband inverted sigmoid shaped DRA is designed that provides an impedance bandwidth of 36.46 % at 6.226 GHz (5.51 - 7.78 GHz). The designed antenna provides a peak gain of 5.44 dB at a resonant frequency of 6.226 GHz. Conclusion: The proposed IoT based system is used to monitors physical and environmental conditions like soil moisture, humidity, temperature and water level and sends the data through Wi-Fi module comprising of an ultra-wideband Dielectric Resonator antenna. The designed antenna is compact and can be easily fabricated using printed circuit board technology. The complete system is cost-effective and can be easily implemented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document