scholarly journals Wing transparency in butterflies and moths: structural diversity, optical properties, and ecological relevance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gomez ◽  
C. Pinna ◽  
J. Pairraire ◽  
M. Arias ◽  
J. Barbut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Ecological Relevance

scholarly journals Transparency in butterflies and moths: structural diversity, optical properties and ecological relevance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gomez ◽  
C. Pinna ◽  
J. Pairraire ◽  
M. Arias ◽  
J. Barbut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Ecological Relevance ◽  
Insect Wings ◽  
As Species

ABSTRACTIn water, transparency seems an ideal concealment strategy, as testified by the variety of transparent aquatic organisms. By contrast, transparency is nearly absent on land, with the exception of insect wings, and knowledge is scarce about its functions and evolution, with fragmentary studies and no comparative perspective. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) represent an outstanding group to investigate transparency on land, as species typically harbour opaque wings covered with coloured scales, a key multifunctional innovation. Yet, many Lepidoptera species have evolved partially or fully transparent wings. At the interface between physics and biology, the present study investigates transparency in 123 Lepidopteran species (from 31 families) for its structural basis, optical properties and biological relevance in relation to thermoregulation and vision. Our results establish that transparency has likely evolved multiple times independently. Efficiency at transmitting light is largely determined by clearwing microstructure (scale shape, insertion, colouration, dimensions and density) and macrostructure (clearwing area, species size or wing area). Microstructural traits – density, dimensions – are tightly linked in their evolution, with different constraints according to scale shape, insertion, and colouration. Transparency appears highly relevant for vision, especially for camouflage, with size-dependent and activity-rhythm dependent variations. Links between transparency and latitude are consistent with an ecological relevance of transparency in thermoregulation, and not so for protection against UV radiation. Altogether, our results shed new light on the physical and ecological processes driving the evolution of transparency on land and underline that transparency is a more complex than previously thought colouration strategy.

K2Sn2ZnSe6, Na2Ge2ZnSe6, and Na2In2GeSe6: a new series of quaternary selenides with intriguing structural diversity and nonlinear optical properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (18) ◽  
pp. 7627-7633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molin Zhou ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiaoshuang Li ◽  
Jiyong Yao ◽  
Yicheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Properties

New selenides K2Sn2ZnSe6, Na2Ge2ZnSe6, and Na2In2GeSe6 exhibit diverse structures and Na2In2GeSe6 possesses a moderate second harmonic generation response.

Structural diversity and optical properties in the M–X-isonicotinic (M=Zn, Cd; X=Cl, Br, I) system: New zero-, one-, two- and three-dimensional inorganic–organic hybrids

2006 ◽  
Vol 359 (14) ◽  
pp. 4483-4492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Zhen Cai ◽  
Guo-Cong Guo ◽  
Ming-Lai Fu ◽  
Ming-Sheng Wang ◽  
Wen-Tong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Diversity

scholarly journals Recent developments in carbon nanomaterial sensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 4433-4453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico R. Baptista ◽  
S. A. Belhout ◽  
S. Giordani ◽  
S. J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterial ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Recent Developments

The structural diversity of carbon nanomaterials provides an array of unique electronic, magnetic and optical properties, which when combined with their robust chemistry and ease of manipulation, makes them attractive candidates for sensor applications. In this review recent developments in the use of carbon nanoparticles and nanostructures as sensors and biosensors are explored.

Expansion of the structural diversity of f-element bearing molybdate iodates: synthesis, structures, and optical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 4823-4829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Lin ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Zenghui Yue ◽  
Kariem Diefenbach ◽  
Liwei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Element Bearing

Expanding the family of f-element bearing molybdate iodates has resulted in eleven new complexes with periodically evolved topologies and intriguing optical properties.

scholarly journals Mimicry can drive convergence in structural and light transmission features of transparent wings in Lepidoptera

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Sophie Pinna ◽  
Maëlle Vilbert ◽  
Stephan Borensztajn ◽  
Willy Daney de Marcillac ◽  
Florence Piron-Prunier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Interspecific Interaction ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Wing Colour ◽  
Aposematic Signals ◽  
Colour Patterns

Müllerian mimicry is a positive interspecific interaction, whereby co-occurring defended prey species share a common aposematic signal. In Lepidoptera, aposematic species typically harbour conspicuous opaque wing colour patterns with convergent optical properties among co-mimetic species. Surprisingly, some aposematic mimetic species have partially transparent wings, raising the questions of whether optical properties of transparent patches are also convergent, and of how transparency is achieved. Here, we conducted a comparative study of wing optics, micro and nanostructures in neotropical mimetic clearwing Lepidoptera, using spectrophotometry and microscopy imaging. We show that transparency, as perceived by predators, is convergent among co-mimics in some mimicry rings. Underlying micro- and nanostructures are also sometimes convergent despite a large structural diversity. We reveal that while transparency is primarily produced by microstructure modifications, nanostructures largely influence light transmission, potentially enabling additional fine-tuning in transmission properties. This study shows that transparency might not only enable camouflage but can also be part of aposematic signals.

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