The mating consequences of rewarding vs. deceptive pollination systems: Is there a quantity-quality trade-off?

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hobbhahn ◽  
Steven D. Johnson ◽  
Lawrence D. Harder
Keyword(s):  
Trade Off ◽  
Deceptive Pollination ◽  
Pollination Systems

scholarly journals Pollination Efficiency and the Evolution of Specialized Deceptive Pollination Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Scopece ◽  
Salvatore Cozzolino ◽  
Steven D. Johnson ◽  
Florian P. Schiestl
Keyword(s):  
Pollination Efficiency ◽  
Deceptive Pollination ◽  
Pollination Systems

scholarly journals Specialization for Tachinid Fly Pollination in the Phenologically Divergent Varieties of the Orchid Neotinea ustulata

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Martel ◽  
Demetra Rakosy ◽  
Stefan Dötterl ◽  
Steven D. Johnson ◽  
Manfred Ayasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Deceptive Pollination ◽  
Fly Pollination ◽  
Pollination Systems

Despite increased focus on elucidating the various reproductive strategies employed by orchids, we still have only a rather limited understanding of deceptive pollination systems that are not bee- or wasp-mediated. In Europe, the orchid Neotinea ustulata has been known to consist of two phenologically divergent varieties, neither of which provide rewards to its pollinators. However, detailed studies of their reproductive biology have been lacking. Our study aimed to characterize and understand the floral traits (i.e., morphology, color, and scent chemistry) and reproductive biology of N. ustulata. We found that the two varieties differ in all their floral traits; furthermore, while Neotinea ustulata var. ustulata appears to be pollinated by both bees (e.g., Anthophora, Bombus) and flies (e.g., Dilophus, Tachina), var. aestivalis is pollinated almost entirely by flies (i.e., Nowickia, Tachina). Tachinids were also found to be much more effective than bees in removing pollinaria, and we show experimentally that they use the characteristic dark inflorescence top as a cue for approaching inflorescences. Our results thus suggest that while both N. ustulata varieties rely on tachinids for pollination, they differ in their degree of specialization. Further studies are, however, needed to fully understand the reproductive strategy of N. ustulata varieties.

Bee, hummingbird, or mixed-pollinated Salvia species mirror pathways to pollination optimization: a morphometric analysis based on the Pareto front concept

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina M. Strelin ◽  
Federico Sazatornil ◽  
Santiago Benitez-Vieyra ◽  
Mariano Ordano
Keyword(s):  
Pareto Front ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Flower Shape ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Hummingbird Pollination ◽  
Joint Contribution ◽  
Pollination Systems ◽  
Flower Structures

Optimization of flower phenotypes to ensure pollination by agents differing in their match with fertile flower structures can involve fitness trade-offs if the aspects of the phenotype that enhance the fitness contribution of one pollinator are detrimental for pollination by the other agents. If these trade-offs are substantial, flower optimization for specialized pollination is expected. However, optimization for generalized pollination may also take place in trade-off scenarios, as long as the joint contribution of two or more types of pollinators to global pollination fitness is greater than each individual contribution. We used an observational approach to evaluate the role of pollination fitness trade-offs in flower trait optimization, a matter seldom addressed because of the difficulties in conducting experiments. A pattern-searching tool based on the Pareto front concept, borrowed from the fields of economics and engineering, was used to test for fitness trade-off patterns in the flower shape of four Salvia (Lamiaceae) species. Two are pollinated exclusively either by bees or by hummingbirds; the remaining species have mixed-pollination systems, with varying contributions of bee and hummingbird pollination. The patterning of flower shape in this study suggests a bee–hummingbird pollination trade-off in Salvia, and the optimization of generalized flower shapes.

A Flow-Preserving Algorithm for the Time-Cost Trade-Off Problem

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Tufekci
Keyword(s):  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off

Dual Goals for Speed and Accuracy on the Same Performance Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Emil Wetter ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Klaus Jonas ◽  
Klaus-Helmut Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

In most work contexts, several performance goals coexist, and conflicts between them and trade-offs can occur. Our paper is the first to contrast a dual goal for speed and accuracy with a single goal for speed on the same task. The Sternberg paradigm (Experiment 1, n = 57) and the d2 test (Experiment 2, n = 19) were used as performance tasks. Speed measures and errors revealed in both experiments that dual as well as single goals increase performance by enhancing memory scanning. However, the single speed goal triggered a speed-accuracy trade-off, favoring speed over accuracy, whereas this was not the case with the dual goal. In difficult trials, dual goals slowed down scanning processes again so that errors could be prevented. This new finding is particularly relevant for security domains, where both aspects have to be managed simultaneously.

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