scholarly journals Thermal sensitivity and the role of behavior in driving an intertidal predator-prey interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristián J. Monaco ◽  
David S. Wethey ◽  
Brian Helmuth
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Interaction

scholarly journals Introduction to the Symposium: Bio-Inspiration of Quiet Flight of Owls and Other Flying Animals: Recent Advances and Unanswered Questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1035
Author(s):  
Christopher J Clark ◽  
Justin W Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Force Production ◽  
Bird Flight ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Acoustic Signature ◽  
Gliding Flight ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Animal Flight

Synopsis Animal wings produce an acoustic signature in flight. Many owls are able to suppress this noise to fly quietly relative to other birds. Instead of silent flight, certain birds have conversely evolved to produce extra sound with their wings for communication. The papers in this symposium synthesize ongoing research in “animal aeroacoustics”: the study of how animal flight produces an acoustic signature, its biological context, and possible bio-inspired engineering applications. Three papers present research on flycatchers and doves, highlighting work that continues to uncover new physical mechanisms by which bird wings can make communication sounds. Quiet flight evolves in the context of a predator–prey interaction, either to help predators such as owls hear its prey better, or to prevent the prey from hearing the approaching predator. Two papers present work on hearing in owls and insect prey. Additional papers focus on the sounds produced by wings during flight, and on the fluid mechanics of force production by flapping wings. For instance, there is evidence that birds such as nightbirds, hawks, or falcons may also have quiet flight. Bat flight appears to be quieter than bird flight, for reasons that are not fully explored. Several research avenues remain open, including the role of flapping versus gliding flight or the physical acoustic mechanisms by which flight sounds are reduced. The convergent interest of the biology and engineering communities on quiet owl flight comes at a time of nascent developments in the energy and transportation sectors, where noise and its perception are formidable obstacles.

Predator–prey interaction system with mutually interfering predator: role of feedback control

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 222-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Tiwari ◽  
Jai Prakash Tripathi ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay ◽  
Yong-Ping Wu ◽  
Jin-Shan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Interaction System ◽  
Prey Interaction

Fear Induced Multistability in a Predator-Prey Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2150150
Author(s):  
N. C. Pati ◽  
Shilpa Garai ◽  
Mainul Hossain ◽  
G. C. Layek ◽  
Nikhil Pal
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Space ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Chaotic Oscillations ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

In ecology, the predator’s impact goes beyond just killing the prey. In the present work, we explore the role of fear in the dynamics of a discrete-time predator-prey model where the predator-prey interaction obeys Holling type-II functional response. Owing to the increasing strength of fear, the system becomes stable from chaotic oscillations via inverse Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. Extensive numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the intricate dynamics for the organization of periodic structures in the bi-parameter space of the system. We observe fear induced multistability between different pairs of coexisting heterogeneous attractors due to the overlapping of multiple periodic domains in the bi-parameter space. The basin sets of the coexisting attractors are obtained and discussed at length. Multistability in the predator-prey system is important because the dynamics of the predator and prey populations in the critical parameter zone becomes uncertain.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Predation on Survival of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Expression of invA in Soil and Manure-Amended Soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 5025-5031 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Garc�a ◽  
J. B�lum ◽  
L. Fredslund ◽  
P. Santorum ◽  
C. S. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Fast Decrease ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Amended Soil

ABSTRACT The effects of three temperatures (5, 15, and 25�C) on the survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in topsoil were investigated in small microcosms by three different techniques: plate counting, invA gene quantification, and invA mRNA quantification. Differences in survival were related to the effect of protozoan predation. Tetracycline-resistant Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was inoculated into soil and manure-amended soil at 1.5 � 108 cells g soil−1. Population densities were determined by plate counting and by molecular methods and monitored for 42 days. Simultaneous extraction of RNA and DNA, followed by quantitative PCR, was used to investigate invA gene levels and expression. Analysis by these three techniques showed that Salmonella serovar Typhimurium survived better at 5�C. Comparing DNA and CFU levels, significantly higher values were determined by DNA-based techniques. invA mRNA levels showed a fast decrease in activity, with no detectable mRNA after an incubation period of less than 4 days in any of the soil scenarios. A negative correlation was found between Salmonella serovar Typhimurium CFU levels and protozoan most probable numbers, and we propose the role of the predator-prey interaction as a factor to explain the die-off of the introduced strain by both culture- and DNA quantification-based methods. The results indicate that temperature, manure, and protozoan predation are important factors influencing the survival of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in soil.

Role of kairomones in feeding interactions between seahorses and mysids

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Cohen ◽  
D.A. Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Escape Response ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Predator Response ◽  
Hippocampus Abdominalis ◽  
Feeding Interactions

Big-bellied seahorses, Hippocampus abdominalis (Chordata: Syngnathidae), feed predominantly on swarming mysids in southern Tasmania. We tested the possibility that kairomones mediate this predator/prey interaction. ‘Fish water’ was prepared by holding one seahorse in 4 l of seawater for 1 h and using this water within 1 h to test for presence of kairomones. One ml of this water pipetted into a tank containing five mysids, Paramesopodopsis rufa (Arthropoda: Mysidacea), induced a significantly increased number of tailflips (mysid escape response) compared with control seawater. The same effect was seen whether seahorses were fed or starved immediately before the experiment. This effect was not seen when realistic concentrations of excretory products, either ammonium hydroxide or urea, were used instead of fish water. When seahorses were kept in visual contact with mysid prey, but unable to capture them, subsequent testing of the ‘fish water’ in the same way as above did not produce a significant increase of tailflipping in mysids. Thus it appears that, when attacking, seahorses can suppress release of kairomones in order to remain chemically inconspicuous to their prey. This is the first demonstration of this phenomenon. When mysids in a cohesive swarm (65 or 100 individuals) were exposed to ‘fish water’, no significant anti-predator response i.e. decrease in swarm volume, could be detected. We interpret these results to indicate the greater vulnerability of mysids when not in social groupings (swarm or school) and the higher likelihood of an energetic response (particularly tailflipping) to a threat.

Role of Alternative Food in Controlling Chaotic Dynamics in a Predator–Prey Model with Disease in the Predator

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1650147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Pada Das ◽  
Nandadulal Bairagi ◽  
Prabir Sen
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic Dynamics ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Oscillatory State ◽  
Prey Interaction

It is generally, but not always, accepted that alternative food plays a stabilizing role in predator–prey interaction. Parasites, on the other hand, have the ability to change both the qualitative and quantitative dynamics of its host population. In recent times, researchers are showing growing interest in formulating models that integrate both the ecological and epidemiological aspects. The present paper deals with the effect of alternative food on a predator–prey system with disease in the predator population. We show that the system, in the absence of alternative food, exhibits different dynamics viz. stable coexistence, limit cycle oscillations, period-doubling bifurcation and chaos when infection rate is gradually increased. However, when predator consumes alternative food coupled with its focal prey, the system returns to regular oscillatory state from chaotic state through period-halving bifurcations. Our study shows that alternative food may have larger impact on the community structure and may increase population persistence.

Size-Limited Predation, Winterkill, and the Organization of Umbra–Perca Fish Assemblages

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Tonn ◽  
Cynthia A. Paszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Single Species ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Prey Interaction

We compared population densities and size structures of central mudminnows (Umbra limi) occurring with and without yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in six small lakes in northern Wisconsin over a 6-yr period. Our observations suggested that a size-dependent predator–prey interaction was a major mechanism organizing these assemblages. Densities of mudminnows cooccurring with perch averaged 12% of populations in mudminnow-only lakes. Large mudminnows (≥76 mm total length) predominated in populations with perch whereas smaller fish predominated in single-species assemblages. Following severe winterkills of adult perch in two lakes, mudminnow densities increased significantly due to high survival and recruitment of yearlings. Increases in small mudminnows lasted only a year: densities and size distributions returned to prewinterkill patterns when perch that had survived winterkill attained lengths >13 cm. To examine the role of size-limited predation, we performed an experiment in 2000-L tanks, varying the initial size distributions of mudminnows and perch and measuring size-specific survival among mudminnows. Predation in the experimental populations was greatest when large perch (121–180 mm) were with populations of predominantly small mudminnows (<76 mm); smaller perch (114–132 mm) were significantly less successful as predators whereas large mudminnows were significantly less vulnerable to predation by even large perch. Despite this interaction, central mudminnows coexist at low densities with yellow perch; possible factors permitting coexistence are fish sizes and spatial and structural refuges.

The Role of Predation in Determining Traits of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Infection With Zika Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawna Bellamy ◽  
Barry W Alto
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Density Reduction

Abstract Non-lethal predator-prey interactions during the immature stages can cause significant changes to mosquito life history traits and their ability to transmit pathogens as adults. Treatment manipulations using mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Toxoryhnchites rutilus (Coquillett) were performed during the immature stages to explore the potential impacts of non-lethal interactions on adult susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection and saliva infection of Ae. aegypti following ingestion of Zika virus-infected blood. Treatments inducing density reduction resulted in reduced development time and survivorship to adulthood. However, effects of treatment did not alter infection, dissemination, or saliva infection. These observations indicate that, while non-lethal predation may impact some traits that influence population dynamics and transmission of pathogens, there were no direct effects on mosquito-arbovirus interactions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document