scholarly journals Can invasions occur without change? A comparison of G ‐matrices and selection in the peach‐potato aphid, M yzus persicae

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (15) ◽  
pp. 5109-5118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo D. Bacigalupe ◽  
Karin Barrientos ◽  
Andrew P. Beckerman ◽  
Mauricio J. Carter ◽  
Christian C. Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Aphid ◽  
G Matrices ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

scholarly journals The properties of a carboxylesterase from the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.), and its role in conferring insecticide resistance

1977 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Devonshire
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Carboxylesterases from different strains of Myzus persicae were examined to try to understand their contribution to insecticide resistance. Preliminary evidence that they are involved comes from the good correlation between the degree of resistance and the carboxylesterase and paraoxon-degrading activity in aphid homogenates. Furthermore the carboxylesterase associated with resistance could not be separated from the insecticide-degrading enzyme by electrophoresis or ion-exchange chromatography. Homogenates of resistant aphids hydrolysed paraoxon 60 times faster than did those of susceptible aphids, yet the purified enzymes from both sources had identical catalytic-centre activities towards this substrate and also towards naphth-1-yl acetate, the latter being hydrolysed by both 2×106 times faster than paraoxon. These observations provide evidence that the enzyme from both sources is identical, and that one enzyme hydrolyses both substrates. This was confirmed by relating the rate of paraoxon hydrolysis to the rate at which paraoxon-inhibited carboxylesterase re-activated. Both had the same first-order rate constant (0.01min−1), showing clearly that the hydrolysis of both substrates is brought about by the same enzyme. Its Km for naphth-1-yl acetate was 0.131mm, and for paraoxon 75pm. The latter very small value could not be measured directly, but was calculated from substrate-competition studies coupled with measurements of re-activation of the diethyl phosphorylated enzyme. Since the purified enzymes from resistant and susceptible aphids had the same catalytic-centre activity, the 60-fold difference between strains must be caused by different amounts of the same enzyme resulting from mutations of the regulator gene(s) rather than of the structural gene.

scholarly journals Establishing the resistance of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by molecular methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andja Vucetic ◽  
Olivera Petrovic-Obradovic ◽  
J. Margaritopoulos ◽  
P. Skouras
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Heterozygous State ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

In two years of investigating resistance of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by molecular methods, several types of resistance were established in the majority of individuals from peach and tobacco in Serbia and Montenegro. Most of the tested individuals had the FE4 gene, which encodes production of FE4 esterase. The gene responsible for kdr (knock-down resistance) was found in the majority of individuals, but in the heterozygous state, while resistance based on formation of modified acetlycholinesterase (MACE) was least represented. Also, tests showed aphids from tobacco to be more sensitive to insecticide action than aphids from peach. Three tests were used in these investiga?tions, e.g., the PCR - esterase, PCR - kdr, and RFLP - PCR tests, each for a single type of resistance.

Transgenic tobacco expressing an Arisaema heterophyllum agglutinin gene displays enhanced resistance to aphids

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Yao, Xiuyun Zhao ◽  
Huaxiong Qi, Bingliang Wan ◽  
Fei Chen, Xiaofen Sun ◽  
Shanqian Yu ◽  
Kexuan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Insect Bioassay ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Tobacco leaf discs were transformed with a plasmid, pBIAHA, containing the selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase gene (nptII) and an Arisaema heterophyllum agglutinin gene (aha) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Thirty-two independent transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated. PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed that multiple copies of the aha gene had integrated into the plant genome. Northern blot analysis revealed that the aha gene was expressed at various levels in the transgenic plants. Insect bioassay test showed that transgenic plants expressing multiple copies of the aha gene reduced the rate of population increase of the peach potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer). This is the first report that transgenic tobacco plants expressing the aha gene display enhanced resistance to aphids. Key words: Insect bioassay, Arisaema heterophyllum agglutinin, transformation, transgenic tobacco, peach potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer)

New insight into the behaviour modifying activity of two natural sesquiterpenoids farnesol and nerolidol towards Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wróblewska-Kurdyk ◽  
Katarzyna Dancewicz ◽  
Anna Gliszczyńska ◽  
Beata Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe effect of structurally related sesquiterpenoids (E,E)-farnesol and cis-nerolidol on the host-plant selection behaviour of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) was evaluated using electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. No repellent effects of (E,E)-farnesol and (Z)-nerolidol to M. persicae were found but aphid probing activities on (E,E)-farnesol- and cis-nerolidol-treated plants were restrained. During non-phloem phases of probing, neither (E,E)-farnesol nor (Z)-nerolidol affected the cell puncture activity. On (E,E)-farnesol-treated plants, the total duration of phloem phase, the mean duration of individual sustained ingestion periods were significantly lower, and the proportion of phloem salivation was higher than on control plants. On (Z)-nerolidol-treated plants, the occurrence of the first phloem phase was delayed, and the frequency of the phloem phase was lower than on control plants. The freely moving aphids were reluctant to remain on (E,E)-farnesol- and (Z)-nerolidol-treated leaves for at least 24 h after exposure. (E,E)-Farnesol and (Z)-nerolidol show complementary deterrent properties, (E,E)-farnesol showing ingestive and post-ingestive activities and nerolidol showing pre-ingestive, ingestive, and post-ingestive deterrent activities.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Myzus persicae, Brevicoryne brassicae and Nasonovia ribisnigri to Fungal Biopesticides in Laboratory and Field Experiments

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Gill Prince ◽  
Dave Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Nasonovia Ribisnigri ◽  
Fungal Biopesticides ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) for the control of aphid pests of field vegetable crops. Four biopesticides based on the EPF Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard ES and Naturalis L), Cordyceps fumosorosea s.l. (Preferal WG), and Akanthomyces dipterigenus (Vertalec) were evaluated in a laboratory bioassay against peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, and currant-lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri. There was significant variation in the spore dose provided by the products, with Botanigard ES producing the highest dose (639 viable spores per mm2). Botanigard ES also caused more mortality than the other products. Combining Vertalec with the vegetable oil-based adjuvant Addit had an additive effect on the mortality of B. brassicae. All fungal products reduced the number of progeny produced by M. persicae but there was no effect with B. brassicae or N. ribisnigri. When aphid nymphs were treated with Botanigard ES and Preferal WG, both products reduced population development, with up to 86% reduction occurring for Botanigard ES against M. persicae. In a field experiment, Botanigard ES sprayed twice, at seven-day intervals, against B. brassicae on cabbage plants, reduced aphid numbers by 73%. In a second field experiment with B. brassicae, M. persicae, and N. ribisnigri, Botanigard ES reduced populations of B. brassicae and N. ribisnigri but there was no significant effect on M. persicae.

scholarly journals Strong parasitoid-mediated selection in experimental populations of aphids

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Herzog ◽  
Christine B Müller ◽  
Christoph Vorburger
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Resistant Clone ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
Asexual Populations ◽  
Susceptible Clone ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Clonal diversity in asexual populations may be maintained if different clones are favoured under different environmental conditions. For aphids, parasitoids are an important variable of the biotic environment. To test whether parasitoids can mediate selection among host clones, we used experimental populations consisting of 10 clones of the peach–potato aphid, Myzus persicae , and allowed them to evolve for several generations either without parasitoids or in the presence of two species of parasitoid wasps. In the absence of parasitoids, strong shifts in clonal frequencies occurred, mostly in favour of clones with high rates of increase. The parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae hardly affected aphid densities but changed the outcome of competition by favouring one entirely resistant clone and disfavouring a highly susceptible clone. Aphidius colemani , the more infective parasitoid, strongly reduced aphid densities and dramatically changed host clonal frequencies. The most resistant clone, not a successful clone without parasitoids, became totally dominant. These results highlight the potential of temporal or spatial variation in parasitoid densities to maintain clonal diversity in their aphid hosts.

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