scholarly journals Propagule pressure and an invasion syndrome determine invasion success in a plant community model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Vedder ◽  
Ludwig Leidinger ◽  
Juliano Sarmento Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Community Model

Community Structure Affects Annual Grass Weed Invasion During Restoration of a Shrub–Steppe Ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil S. Allen ◽  
Susan E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Shrub Steppe ◽  
Steppe Communities

AbstractEcological restoration of shrub–steppe communities in the western United States is often hampered by invasion of exotic annual grasses during the process. An important question is how to create restored communities that can better resist reinvasion by these weeds. One hypothesis is that communities comprised of species that are functionally similar to the invader will best resist invasion, while an alternative hypothesis is that structurally more complex and diverse communities will result in more effective competitive exclusion. In this field experiment, we examined the effects of restored community structure on the invasion success of three annual grass weeds (downy brome, jointed goatgrass, and cereal rye). We created replicated community plots that varied in species composition, structural complexity and density, then seeded in annual grass weeds and measured their biomass and seed production the following year, and their cover after 1 and 3 yr. Annual grass weeds were not strongly suppressed by any of the restored communities, indicating that it was difficult for native species to completely capture available resources and exclude annual grass weeds in the first years after planting. Perennial grass monocultures, particularly of the early seral grass bottlebrush squirreltail, were the most highly invaded communities, while structurally complex and diverse mixtures of shrubs (big sagebrush, rubber rabbitbrush), perennial grasses (bluebunch wheatgrass and bottlebrush squirreltail) and forbs (Lewis flax, Utah sweetvetch, hairy golden aster, gooseberryleaf globemallow) were more resistant to invasion. These results suggest that restoration of sagebrush steppe communities resistant to annual grass invasion benefits from higher species diversity; significant reduction of weed propagule pressure prior to restoration may be required.

scholarly journals Invasion genomics uncover contrasting scenarios of genetic diversity in a widespread marine invader

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (51) ◽  
pp. e2116211118
Author(s):  
Cornelia Jaspers ◽  
Moritz Ehrlich ◽  
José Martin Pujolar ◽  
Sven Künzel ◽  
Till Bayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Invasion Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Invasive Species ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

Invasion rates have increased in the past 100 y irrespective of international conventions. What characterizes a successful invasion event? And how does genetic diversity translate into invasion success? Employing a whole-genome perspective using one of the most successful marine invasive species world-wide as a model, we resolve temporal invasion dynamics during independent invasion events in Eurasia. We reveal complex regionally independent invasion histories including cases of recurrent translocations, time-limited translocations, and stepping-stone range expansions with severe bottlenecks within the same species. Irrespective of these different invasion dynamics, which lead to contrasting patterns of genetic diversity, all nonindigenous populations are similarly successful. This illustrates that genetic diversity, per se, is not necessarily the driving force behind invasion success. Other factors such as propagule pressure and repeated introductions are an important contribution to facilitate successful invasions. This calls into question the dominant paradigm of the genetic paradox of invasions, i.e., the successful establishment of nonindigenous populations with low levels of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Are Introduced Alien Species More Predisposed to Invasion in Recipient Environments If They Provide a Wider Range of Services to Humans?

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Kowiyou Yessoufou ◽  
Annie Estelle Ambani
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Unexpected Finding

The drivers of invasion success of alien species remain, to some extent, a matter of debate. Here, we suggest that the services (the benefits humans obtain from a species) provided by alien plants could predict their invasion status, such that alien species providing more services would be more likely to be invasive than not. The rationale for this expectation is that alien species providing multiple services stand a better chance of being introduced in various numbers and multiple times outside their native range (propagule pressure theory). We investigated this hypothesis on alien woody species in South Africa. First, we defined 12 services provided by all the 210 known naturalized alien woody plants in South Africa. Then, we tested for a phylogenetic signal in these services using a DNA barcode-based phylogeny. Finally, we tested for potential links between the services and invasion status by fitting GLM models with appropriate error families. We found a phylogenetic signal in most services, suggesting that closely related species tend to provide similar services. Counter-intuitively, we consistently found that alien non-invasive species tend to provide more services, or even unique services, in comparison to alien invasive species. Although alternative scenarios are plausible to explain this unexpected finding, we speculate that harvesting alien plants for human benefits may limit their invasion ability. This warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Field-based effects of allelopathy in invaded tallgrass prairie

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Harnden ◽  
Andrew S. MacDougall ◽  
Benjamin A. Sikes
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Fine Fescue

Allelopathic phytochemicals have been linked to invasion success, but their role in the invasion process remains unclear. Toxicity effects demonstrated with lab bioassays may be neutralized in soils, and their role in population expansion can be intertwined with nonallelopathic processes that also influence dispersal and establishment. Here, we use greenhouse experiments to test the soil-based impacts of invasive fine fescue ( Festuca rubra L.) on recruitment in tallgrass prairie. Fescue roots release the growth inhibitor m-tyrosine. Using root washes and fescue-conditioned soils to mimic field potency, we determined allelopathic impacts on recruitment, including intraspecific limitation. We also tested whether nonallelopathic factors (propagule pressure, disturbance, and fertility) influence invasion into constructed fescue and prairie mesocosms, and whether root washes inhibit arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We observed significant negative effects of fescue soils and root washes on germination and seedling survival, including on fescue itself. Mesocosm invasion, however, was determined more by nonallelopathic mechanisms (propagule pressure and rapid growth). In prairie mesocosms, fescue invasion was higher than its own understory, with no effects of disturbance or fertility. Tallgrass species had difficulty establishing in all environments, regardless of propagule pressure. Impacts on AM fungal hyphal length and spore production were insignificant. Our results suggest that nonallelopathic traits may be sufficient to explain fescue invasion, with allelopathy likely emerging as a final "coup de grâce" for recruiting native grasses once dominance has been attained. Allelopathic species, including fine fescue, may thus not necessarily be invasive unless nonallelopathic traits facilitate establishment prior to the accumulation of soil-based toxins.

scholarly journals Biotic resistance shapes the influence of propagule pressure on invasion success in bacterial communities

Ecology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1743-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt L. Jones ◽  
Josep Ramoneda ◽  
Damian W. Rivett ◽  
Thomas Bell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Invasion Success

Invasion Success in Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica): A Population Genetic Approach Exploring Genetic Diversity and Historical Introductions

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima D. Lucardi ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace ◽  
Gary N. Ervin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Biological Invasion ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Grass Species

AbstractPropagule pressure significantly contributes to and limits the potential success of a biological invasion, especially during transport, introduction, and establishment. Events such as multiple introductions of foreign parent material and gene flow among them can increase genetic diversity in founding populations, often leading to greater invasion success. We applied the tools and theory of population genetics to better understand the dynamics of successful biological invasion. The focal species, cogongrass, is a perennial invasive grass species significantly affecting the Gulf Coast and southeastern region of the United States. The literature indicates separate, allopatric introductions of material from East Asia (Philippines and Japan) into the U.S. states of Mississippi and Alabama. Molecular analysis of samples from those two states utilized amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers on 388 individuals from 21 localities. We hypothesized that previously isolated lineages of cogongrass are present and crossing in the Southeast. We observed genetic variation within localities (0.013 ≤ heterozygosity (He) ≤ 0.051, mean = 0.028 ± 0.001) with significant and substantial population structure (FST= 0.534, P < 0.001). Population structure analyses detected two genetically defined and statistically supported populations, which appear to have experienced some admixture. The geographic distribution of those populations was consistent with the two-introduction scenario reported previously. These results are also consistent with contact in the invasive range of previously isolated lineages from the native range.

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