scholarly journals Evolutionary and plastic variation in larval growth and digestion reveal the complex underpinnings of size and age at maturation in dung beetles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Rohner ◽  
Armin P. Moczek
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Age At Maturation

Large-scale spatial ecology of dung beetles

Ecography ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Roslin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dung Beetles

Larval Behavior and Protective Implications for Sea Scallops and Surf Clams within the Middle Atlantic Bight: Part Two, Variability of Physical Environment and Larval Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Larval Behavior ◽  
Larval Release ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Sea Scallops

Larval growth and settlement rates are important larval behaviors for larval protections. The variability of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions for 2006-2012 and in the future with potential climate changes was studied using the coupling ROMS-IMBs, and new temperature and current indexes. Forty-four experimental cases were conducted for larval growth patterns and release mechanisms, showing the spatial, seasonal, annual, and climatic variations of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions, demonstrating that the slight different larval temperature-adaption and larval release strategies made difference in larval growth-settlement rates, and displaying that larval growth and settlement rates highly depended upon physical conditions and were vulnerable to climate changes.

Spatial ecology and growth in early life stages of bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli in Chesapeake Bay (USA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
TD Auth ◽  
T Arula ◽  
ED Houde ◽  
RJ Woodland
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Anchoa Mitchilli ◽  
Larval Production ◽  
Bay Anchovy

The bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli is the most abundant fish in Chesapeake Bay (USA) and is a vital link between plankton and piscivores within the trophic structure of this large estuarine ecosystem. Baywide distributions and abundances of bay anchovy eggs and larvae, and larval growth, were analyzed in a 5 yr program to evaluate temporal and spatial variability based on research surveys in the 1995-1999 spawning seasons. Effects of environmental variability and abundance of zooplankton that serve as prey for larval bay anchovy were analyzed. In the years of these surveys, 97.6% of eggs and 98.8% of larvae occurred in the polyhaline lower bay. Median egg and larval abundances differed more than 10-fold for surveys conducted in the 5 yr and were highest in the lower bay. Within years, median larval abundance (ind. m-2) in the lower bay was generally 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than upper-bay abundance. Salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen explained 12% of the spatial and temporal variability in egg abundances and accounted for 27% of the variability in larval abundances. The mean, baywide growth rate for larvae over the 5 yr period was 0.75 ± 0.01 mm d-1, and was best explained by zooplankton concentration and feeding incidence. Among years, mean growth rates ranged from 0.68 (in 1999) to 0.81 (in 1998) mm d-1 and were fastest in the upper bay. We identified environmental factors, especially salinity, that contributed to broadscale variability in egg and larval production.

The box-balance model: a new tool to assess fish larval survival, applied to field data on two small pelagic fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 289-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Raya ◽  
J Salat ◽  
A Sabatés
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Small Pelagic Fish ◽  
Mesoscale Structures

This work develops a new method, the box-balance model (BBM), to assess the role of hydrodynamic structures in the survival of fish larvae. The BBM was applied in the northwest Mediterranean to field data, on 2 small pelagic fish species whose larvae coexist in summer: Engraulis encrasicolus, a dominant species, and Sardinella aurita, which is expanding northwards in relation to sea warming. The BBM allows one to quantify the contribution of circulation, with significant mesoscale activity, to the survival of fish larvae, clearly separating the effect of transport from biological factors. It is based on comparing the larval abundances at age found in local target areas, associated with the mesoscale structures (boxes), to those predicted by the overall mortality rate of the population in the region. The application of the BBM reveals that dispersion/retention by hydrodynamic structures favours the survival of E. encrasicolus larvae. In addition, since larval growth and mortality rates of the species are required parameters for application of the BBM, we present their estimates for S. aurita in the region for the first time. Although growth and mortality rates found for S. aurita are both higher than for E. encrasicolus, their combined effect confers a lower survival to S. aurita larvae. Thus, although the warming trend in the region would contribute to the expansion of the fast-growing species S. aurita, we can confirm that E. encrasicolus is well established, with a better adapted survival strategy.

Physiology of Larval Feeding

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

The functional properties of marine invertebrate larvae represent the sum of the physiological activities of the individual, the interdependence among cells making up the whole, and the correct positioning of cells within the larval body. This chapter examines physiological aspects of nutrient acquisition, digestion, assimilation, and distribution within invertebrate larvae from an organismic and comparative perspective. Growth and development of larvae obviously require the acquisition of “food.” Yet the mechanisms where particulate or dissolved organic materials are converted into biomass and promote development of larvae differ and are variably known among groups. Differences in the physiology of the digestive system (secreted enzymes, gut transit time, and assimilation) within and among feeding larvae suggest the possibility of an underappreciated plasticity of digestive physiology. How the ingestion of seawater by and the existence of a circulatory system within larvae contribute to larval growth and development represent important topics for future research.

The missing links: larval and post-larval development of the ascoglossan opisthobranch Elysia viridis

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia D. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Algal Diet ◽  
Better Than

The stenophagous ascoglossan (=sacoglossan) opisthobranch Elysia viridis has long been a model organism for the study of endosymbiosis or kleptoplasty as well as one of the few herbivores to consume the introduced green macroalga Codium fragile on European shores. Larval and post-larval dynamics of the ascoglossan were investigated. Planktotrophic larvae of E. viridis grew at 5–10 μm d−1 (shell length) at 15°C on a unicellular algal diet (the cryptophyte Rhodomonas baltica); larvae became competent one month post-hatching. Effective feeding and chloroplast acquisition typically started within 2–3 d of metamorphosis. Slugs grew about 8 mm in the first month of post-larval life. During this period, juveniles held in the light did not grow faster or survive better than conspecifics held in the dark; thus, functional kleptoplasty did not occur during first three weeks of benthic life. While larval growth rates and the nature of metamorphic cues are consistent with those of many other opisthobranch species with planktotrophic larvae, measures of post-larval growth—particularly as it pertains to kleptoplasty—is a new contribution to opisthobranch biology.

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