scholarly journals Prey‐driven behavioral habitat use in a low‐energy ambush predator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalee M. Tutterow ◽  
Andrew S. Hoffman ◽  
John L. Buffington ◽  
Zachary T. Truelock ◽  
William E. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Ambush Predator

scholarly journals Prey-Driven Behavioral Habitat Use in a Low-Energy Ambush Predator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalee M. Tutterow ◽  
Andrew S. Hoffman ◽  
John L. Buffington ◽  
Zachary T. Truelock ◽  
William E. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Timber Rattlesnake ◽  
Ambush Predator

AbstractFood acquisition is an important modulator of animal behavior and habitat selection that can affect fitness. Optimal foraging theory predicts that predators should select habitat patches to maximize their foraging success and net energy gain, which predators can achieve by targeting spaces with high prey availability. However, it is debated whether prey availability drives fine-scale habitat selection for predators.We assessed whether an ambush predator, the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), exhibits optimal foraging site selection based on the spatial distribution and availability of prey.We evaluated the spatial concordance of radio-telemetered timber rattlesnake foraging locations and passive infrared game camera trap detections of potential small mammal prey (Peromyscus spp., Tamias striatus, and Sciurus spp.) in a mixed-use forest in southeastern Ohio from 2016–2019. We replicated a characteristic timber rattlesnake ambush position by focusing cameras over logs and modeled small mammal encounters across the landscape in relation to remotely-sensed forest and landscape structural features. To determine whether snakes selectively forage in areas with higher prey availability, we projected the estimated prey spatial relationships across the landscape and modeled their overlap of occurrence with observed timber rattlesnake foraging locations.We broadly predicted that prey availability was greatest in mature deciduous forests, but T. striatus and Sciurus spp. exhibited greater spatial heterogeneity compared to Peromyscus spp. We also combined predicted species encounter rates to encompass a body size gradient in potential prey. The spatial distribution of cumulative small mammal encounters (i.e. overall prey availability), rather than the distribution of any one species, was highly predictive of snake foraging.Timber rattlesnakes appear to select foraging locations where the probability of encountering prey is greatest. Our study provides evidence for fine-scale optimal foraging in a low-energy, ambush predator and offers new insights into drivers of snake foraging and habitat selection.

Dissociated Σ=27 boundaries in silicon

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
A. Garg ◽  
W.A.T. Clark ◽  
J.P. Hirth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Boundary Energy ◽  
Coincidence Site Lattice ◽  
Boundary Plane ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Site Lattice ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Analysis Techniques

In the last twenty years, a significant amount of work has been done in the theoretical understanding of grain boundaries. The various proposed grain boundary models suggest the existence of coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries at specific misorientations where a periodic structure representing a local minimum of energy exists between the two crystals. In general, the boundary energy depends not only upon the density of CSL sites but also upon the boundary plane, so that different facets of the same boundary have different energy. Here we describe TEM observations of the dissociation of a Σ=27 boundary in silicon in order to reduce its surface energy and attain a low energy configuration.The boundary was identified as near CSL Σ=27 {255} having a misorientation of (38.7±0.2)°/[011] by standard Kikuchi pattern, electron diffraction and trace analysis techniques. Although the boundary appeared planar, in the TEM it was found to be dissociated in some regions into a Σ=3 {111} and a Σ=9 {122} boundary, as shown in Fig. 1.

Transfer optics for high spatial resolution electron spectroscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 666-667
Author(s):  
G. G. Hembree ◽  
Luo Chuan Hong ◽  
P.A. Bennett ◽  
J.A. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Low Energy Electrons

A new field emission scanning transmission electron microscope has been constructed for the NSF HREM facility at Arizona State University. The microscope is to be used for studies of surfaces, and incorporates several surface-related features, including provision for analysis of secondary and Auger electrons; these electrons are collected through the objective lens from either side of the sample, using the parallelizing action of the magnetic field. This collimates all the low energy electrons, which spiral in the high magnetic field. Given an initial field Bi∼1T, and a final (parallelizing) field Bf∼0.01T, all electrons emerge into a cone of semi-angle θf≤6°. The main practical problem in the way of using this well collimated beam of low energy (0-2keV) electrons is that it is travelling along the path of the (100keV) probing electron beam. To collect and analyze them, they must be deflected off the beam path with minimal effect on the probe position.

Performance Evaluation of a Novel Type of Low-Energy Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Bertholdand Senftinger ◽  
Helmut Liebl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Lens System ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Low Energy Electron

During the last few years the investigation of clean and adsorbate-covered solid surfaces as well as thin-film growth and molecular dynamics have given rise to a constant demand for high-resolution imaging microscopy with reflected and diffracted low energy electrons as well as photo-electrons. A recent successful implementation of a UHV low-energy electron microscope by Bauer and Telieps encouraged us to construct such a low energy electron microscope (LEEM) for high-resolution imaging incorporating several novel design features, which is described more detailed elsewhere.The constraint of high field strength at the surface required to keep the aberrations caused by the accelerating field small and high UV photon intensity to get an improved signal-to-noise ratio for photoemission led to the design of a tetrode emission lens system capable of also focusing the UV light at the surface through an integrated Schwarzschild-type objective. Fig. 1 shows an axial section of the emission lens in the LEEM with sample (28) and part of the sample holder (29). The integrated mirror objective (50a, 50b) is used for visual in situ microscopic observation of the sample as well as for UV illumination. The electron optical components and the sample with accelerating field followed by an einzel lens form a tetrode system. In order to keep the field strength high, the sample is separated from the first element of the einzel lens by only 1.6 mm. With a numerical aperture of 0.5 for the Schwarzschild objective the orifice in the first element of the einzel lens has to be about 3.0 mm in diameter. Considering the much smaller distance to the sample one can expect intense distortions of the accelerating field in front of the sample. Because the achievable lateral resolution depends mainly on the quality of the first imaging step, careful investigation of the aberrations caused by the emission lens system had to be done in order to avoid sacrificing high lateral resolution for larger numerical aperture.

Abstract #1086: Patient Experience with Severe Low Energy Following Total Thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wendt ◽  
Maria Bates ◽  
Reese Randle ◽  
Jason Orne ◽  
Cameron Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Papillary Thyroid
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