scholarly journals Rapid adaptive responses of rosette‐type macrophyte Vallisneria natans juveniles to varying water depths: The role of leaf trait plasticity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Gao ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Hu ◽  
Zhuolun Zhang ◽  
Baogui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Trait Plasticity ◽  
Vallisneria Natans ◽  
Water Depths

scholarly journals Role of warm ischemia on innate and adaptive responses in a preclinical renal auto-transplanted porcine model

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludivine Rossard ◽  
Frédéric Favreau ◽  
Sebastien Giraud ◽  
Raphael Thuillier ◽  
Sylvain Le Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Model ◽  
Warm Ischemia ◽  
Adaptive Responses

Adaptations in the Muscle Cell to Training: Role of the Na+-K+-Atpase

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Exercise Adaptation ◽  
Altered Regulation ◽  
Key Words Muscle

The plasticity of skeletal muscle is evident following the onset of regular contractile activity where extensive adaptations can be observed at all levels of organization. Among the properties subject to altered regulation is the Na+-K+-ATPase, an integral membrane protein distributed throughout the sarcolemma and t-tubule, which functions to maintain high Na+ and K+ transmembrane gradients. This protein is uniquely positioned to control muscle excitation and contraction processes, metabolic flux rates, and contractility. Pronounced and rapid upregulation in the Na+-K+-ATPase content can be observed within the first days of exercise and well before the other major ATPase proteins involved in Ca2+ and actomyosin cycling. Moreover, the Na+-K+-ATPase is subject to complex messenger regulation, involved both in the accommodation and the adaptive responses to contractile activity. This emphasizes that adaptive responses can be mediated soon after the onset of training and may have profound affects on muscle contractility and other cellular adaptations. Key Words: muscle, strain, exercise, adaptation, accommodation

Effects of micro-, meio- and macroinvertebrates associated with burial on the decomposition of an aquatic macrophyte (Vallisneria natans) in a eutrophic shallow lake in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Shaojun Chen ◽  
Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Vallisneria Natans ◽  
Plant Decomposition ◽  
Invertebrate Abundance ◽  
Average Contribution

Aquatic invertebrates play an important role in plant decomposition. However, little information is available regarding the relative importance of micro-, meio- and macroinvertebrates in this process, particularly their role in the decomposition of buried organic matter. To investigate the role of these invertebrates in the decomposition of the aquatic macrophyte Vallisneria natans, leaves of V. natans were placed in litterbags with four different mesh sizes (0.025, 0.042, 0.5 and 5mm) and the bags were either incubated at the sediment–water (SW) interface or buried at a depth of 10cm (B10) for 60 days in Lake Nanhu, China, in July 2015. Increased mesh size significantly increased the loss of plant mass. The decomposition rate ranged from 0.0173 to 0.0467day–1 in the SW treatment, and from 0.0083 to 0.0280day–1 in the B10 treatment. Excluding microinvertebrates, burial significantly affected microbial respiration and invertebrate abundance. Increased mesh size increased invertebrate abundance and richness, but did not significantly affect microbial respiration in either treatment. The average contribution of micro-, meio- and macroinvertebrates and microbes to plant mass loss in the SW treatment was 23.1, 13.5, 7.0 and 56.5% respectively, compared with 19.7, 24.5, 12.3 and 43.5% respectively in the B10 treatment. The results of this study reveal the important but underestimated role of micro- and meioinvertebrates in macrophyte decomposition.

scholarly journals The inorganic chemicals that surround us: role of tellurium, selenium and zinc on behavioural functions in mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-163
Author(s):  
Edgardo O. Alvarez ◽  
Osvaldo J. Sacchi ◽  
Silvia G. Ratti
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Biologic Effects ◽  
Continuous Interaction ◽  
Inorganic Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Living organisms live in continuous interaction with its environment. During this process changes in one can induce adaptive responses on the other. Many factors in the environment have been studied with the notorious distinction of been rare or to be of high intensity strength in its interaction with living organisms. However, little attention has been put on some factors that have constant interaction with organisms but usually have low intensity strength, such as the case of the inorganic chemical environment that surrounds us. In this review, the interaction between the chemical element and living organisms is discussed under a theoretical model of interaction between compartments, giving attention to tellurium (Te), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) on some cognitive functions in human and animals. After studies in our laboratory of the phenotypic expression of the HSR (Hand Skill Relative) gene in school children community living in geographic zone rich in minerals and mines of La Rioja province, Argentine, where Te was found to be in higher non-toxic concentrations, a translational experimental model to maturing rats exposed to this trace element was made. Te was found to increase some parameters related to locomotion in an open field induced by novelty and exploratory motivation. At the same time, inhibition of lateralized responses, survival responses and social activity was also observed. Some of these changes, particularly those related to lateralization had similarity with that found previously in children of La Rioja province. Discussion of similarities and discrepancies of biologic effects between animals and humans, about the possible meaning of Te and its interaction with Zn and Se with relevance to humans was analyzed.

scholarly journals In vitro engineering of a bone metastases model allows for study of the effects of antiandrogen therapies in advanced prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. eabg2564
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bock ◽  
Thomas Kryza ◽  
Ali Shokoohmand ◽  
Joan Röhl ◽  
Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Metastatic Tissue ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castrate Resistant

While androgen-targeted therapies are routinely used in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), their effect is poorly understood in treating bone metastatic lesions and ultimately results in the development of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we used an all-human microtissue-engineered model of mineralized metastatic tissue combining human osteoprogenitor cells, 3D printing and prostate cancer cells, to assess the effects of the antiandrogens, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide in this microenvironment. We demonstrate that cancer/bone stroma interactions and antiandrogens drive cancer progression in a mineralized microenvironment. Probing the bone microenvironment with enzalutamide led to stronger cancer cell adaptive responses and osteomimicry than bicalutamide. Enzalutamide presented with better treatment response, in line with enzalutamide delaying time to bone-related events and enzalutamide extending survival in mCRPC. The all-human microtissue-engineered model of mineralized metastatic tissue presented here represents a substantial advance to dissect the role of the bone tumor microenvironment and responses to therapies for mCPRC.

scholarly journals ER stress and development of type 1 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyza Engin
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Unfolded Protein

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells. The incidence of T1D is on the rise globally around 3% to 5% per year and rapidly increasing incidence in younger children is of the greatest concern. currently, there is no way to cure or prevent T1D; hence, a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of this disease is essential to the development of new effective therapies. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle with multiple functions that are essential for cellular homeostasis. Excessive demand on the ER, chronic inflammation, and environmental factors lead to ER stress and to re-establish cellular homeostasis, the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered. However, chronic ER stress leads to a switch from a prosurvival to a proapoptotic UPR, resulting in cell death. Accumulating data have implicated ER stress and defective UPR in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and ER stress has been implicated in β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. However, the role of ER stress and the UPR in β-cell pathophysiology and in the initiation and propagation of the autoimmune responses in T1D remains undefined. This review will highlight the current understanding and recent in vivo data on the role of ER stress and adaptive responses in T1D pathogenesis and the potential therapeutic aspect of enhancing β-cell ER function and restoring UPR defects as novel clinical strategies against this disease.

Role of Phosphorus in Vallisneria Natans and Biofilm Exposure to Heavy Metals Stress

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzhen Huang ◽  
Xuhui Huang ◽  
Hongkuan Cheng ◽  
Qixuan Song ◽  
Luo Xingzhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Vallisneria Natans

Salicylic acid and formation of plant adaptive responses to abiotic stressors: role of signaling network components

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-165
Author(s):  
Yuriy E. Kolupaev ◽  
◽  
Tetiana O. Yastreb ◽  
Aleksey K. Polyakov ◽  
Alexander P. Dmitriev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Signaling Network ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stressors
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