scholarly journals Evaluation of environmental factors affecting the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and the potential distribution of Rhododendron aureum Georgi under changing climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xiaolong Wang ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Jiangnan Li ◽  
Hang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Rhododendron Aureum ◽  
Rhododendron Aureum Georgi

scholarly journals After Habitat Changed, Evaluation For Genetic Diversity And Secondary Metabolic Changes of Cultivated And Wild Populations of Medicinal Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Li ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xianghua Zuo ◽  
Biao Ni ◽  
Jian You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Soil Environmental Factors

Abstract Background: With the increasing use of traditional herbal medicine, the issue of the genetic diversity of medicinal plants has received considerable critical attention. A high degree of genetic diversity is the basis for maintaining the stability and long-term survival of the population, so the changes in genetic diversity and genetic structure of cultivated medicinal plants caused by habitat changes can not be ignored; Meanwhile, the difference of secondary metabolism of medicinal plants caused by habitat change is also deserving of attention simultaneously. And It is also worth pondering whether the changes between them are consistent. Results: In this study, the wild and cultivated populations of Polygonatum odoratum, Dioscorea nipponica and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus were selected as the research objects. and the genetic structure and HPLC fingerprint between wild and cultivated populations were compared and analyzed by using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) marker and HPLC . The results demonstrated that the wild and cultivated populations of the three medicinal plants maintained higher genetic diversity, however, the genetic structure of wild populations of P.odoratum and D.nipponica is more similar. In addition, there was a great genetic differentiation between P.odoratum and D.nipponica populations. There were significant differences in HPLC fingerprints among different populations, in which the secondary metabolites of wild populations were more complex, nevertheless, there was less difference in HPLC fingerprints between wild and cultivated populations of P.odoratum and D.nipponica. Spearman correlation analysis implied that environmental factors (including soil environmental factors, rainfall, temperature) had significant effects on the secondary metabolites of the three medicinal plants, whereas, soil environmental factors had less effect on the genetic structure of the three medicinal plants. Conclusion: In conclusion, during the cultivation years, environmental factors only have a significant effect on the secondary metabolism of the three medicinal plants, their populations still maintain higher genetic diversity and stable genetic structure, what’s more, the secondary metabolites of the same medicinal plants with stable and similar genetic structure may still be different from each other when the habitat is changed. It indicated that there is no obvious consistency between them during the cultivation years.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Environmental Impact on Genetic Structure and Larval Dispersal of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish in the South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Chen ◽  
Kefu Yu ◽  
Qiucui Yao ◽  
Zhiheng Liao ◽  
Zhenjun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Convergence Region ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS; Acanthaster spp.) play a major role in coral reef degradation in the Indo-Pacific region. However, the impacts of environmental factors on the phylogenetic and genetic characteristics of COTS in the northern Indo-Pacific convergence region remains unclear. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers to analyze the phylogenetic relationship, demographic history, genetic diversity and genetic structure of COTS in the South China Sea (SCS) and explored the impact of environmental factors on historical population expansion, genetic differentiation and larval dispersal. There was a clear signature of a population expansion in the SCS using the mtDNA marker. According to microsatellite loci analysis, COTS have high genetic diversity in the SCS. STRUCTURE analysis indicated that COTS in the Pacific Ocean can be divided into four subgroups: the SCS, Western Pacific, Pacific equatorial current affected zone, and Pacific insular atolls populations in the Pacific Ocean. Fst-statistical analysis revealed positive correlations between the Fst values and geographic isolation for all sampling sites. Additionally, there were no clear associations between the Fst values and chlorophyll a concentrations among coral reefs in the SCS; however, there were significant positive associations between the Fst values and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations within small geographic distances. These results suggest that COTS underwent historical population expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum, possibly followed by coral population expansion. The genetic structure of COTS populations may have been shaped by distinct nutrient concentrations, particularly those of POC, over small geographic distances. Moreover, ocean currents provide a potential dispersal mechanism for COTS larvae in the SCS. This study demonstrates that environmental and oceanographic factors play important roles in shaping the genetic characteristics and larval dispersal of COTS populations in the northern Indo-Pacific convergence region.

scholarly journals Community Structure of Aquatic Insects Adapted to Lentic Water Environments, and Fine-Scale Analyses of Local Population Structures and the Genetic Structures of an Endangered Giant Water Bug Appasus japonicus

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tomita ◽  
Tomoya Suzuki ◽  
Koki Yano ◽  
Koji Tojo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Population ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Lentic Water

Environments such as floodplains and the marshlands of rivers, lakes and ponds, are important habitats for aquatic insects adapted to lentic water conditions. In addition, ponds and paddy fields artificially created for agriculture are also important alternative habitats for lotic water-dependent wildlife. In this study, we focused on aquatic insects in ponds in the Matsumoto Basin, located in the center of Japan. Although this is an urbanized area, aquatic animals adapted to floodplains inhabit it at a relatively high density for Japan. We conducted a multifaceted evaluation of the environments of the 33 ponds in this region and conducted a survey of the aquatic insect fauna inhabiting them. In this study, we conducted quantitative sampling, focusing on two insect orders adapted to large-scale lentic water environments (i.e., Heteroptera and Coleoptera), and observed five species of three families and 16 species of five families from the Matsumoto Basin, respectively. Within these species, eight endangered species were included. Furthermore, we carried out a genetic structure analysis for the giant water bug, Appasus japonicus, inhabiting these ponds in high density, and conducted a comparative evaluation of their genetic diversity between these ponds. A total of 530 specimens of A. japonicus were genetically analyzed for the mitochondrial DNA COI region, and 26 haplotypes were observed. The degree of genetic diversity between the ponds was clearly demonstrated. In addition, we discussed the wintering possibilities for the giant water bugs based on their corresponding surrounding environmental factors, and comprehensively discussed their “source−sink” relationships in this region. Therefore, this is a comprehensive study focused on the relevant environmental factors, diversification of their community structures, their population structures, and their genetic structure at a fine scale.

Modeling of dynamic mosaicism on ring chromosomes in human fibroblasts and IPSCS

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Т.В. Никитина ◽  
А.А. Кашеварова ◽  
М.М. Гридина ◽  
А.А. Хабарова ◽  
А.Г. Мензоров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Mitotic Stability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ring Chromosomes ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Mitotic Instability ◽  
Mitotic Behavior

Митотическая нестабильность кольцевых хромосом может приводить к появлению клеточных клонов с различной генетической структурой. В качестве модели нестабильности кольцевых хромосом в митозе мы использовали фибробласты от пациентов с r(8), r(13), r(18) и r(22) и полученные из них индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки (ИПСК). Линии ИПСК с r(22) имели относительно стабильный кариотип на протяжении десятков (до 60) пассажей и сохраняли неизменную структуру кольцевой хромосомы. Кариотип линий ИПСК с r(8) и r(18) на ранних пассажах стабильный, планируется его изучение на поздних пассажах. Наибольшее разнообразие кариотипа выявлено в линиях ИПСК с r(13), в которых наблюдали различные перестройки и выраженную клеточную гетерогенность. Определение факторов, влияющих на митотическую стабильность кольцевых хромосом, может иметь значение для консультирования пациентов. Mitotic instability of ring chromosomes can lead to the appearance of cell clones with different genetic structure. IPSCs from fibroblasts of patients with r(8), r(13), r(18), and r(22) were used as a model of ring chromosomes mitotic behavior. Karyotypes of iPSC lines with r(8) and r(18) have so far been evaluated only in the early passages, lines with r(22) have maintained a relatively stable karyotype up to 60 passages. The occurrence of rearrangements and cellular heterogeneity was found characteristic for r(13) iPSCs. The determination of factors affecting the ring chromosomes mitotic stability would be beneficial for the patient’s prognosis.

Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the rare and endangered species, Primula ranunculoides

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Wang Deyun ◽  
Peng Jie ◽  
Chen Yajing ◽  
Lü Guosheng ◽  
Zhang Xiaoping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered

scholarly journals The Patterns and Puzzles of Genetic Diversity of Endangered Freshwater Mussel Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 Populations from Vistula and Neman Drainages (Eastern Central Europe)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Adrianna Kilikowska ◽  
Monika Mioduchowska ◽  
Anna Wysocka ◽  
Agnieszka Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba ◽  
Joanna Rychlińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors

Mussels of the family Unionidae are important components of freshwater ecosystems. Alarmingly, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species identifies almost 200 unionid species as extinct, endangered, or threatened. Their decline is the result of human impact on freshwater habitats, and the decrease of host fish populations. The Thick Shelled River Mussel Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 is one of the examples that has been reported to show a dramatic decline of populations. Hierarchical organization of riverine systems is supposed to reflect the genetic structure of populations inhabiting them. The main goal of this study was an assessment of the U. crassus genetic diversity in river ecosystems using hierarchical analysis. Different molecular markers, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS region, and mitochondrial DNA genes (cox1 and ndh1), were used to examine the distribution of U. crassus among-population genetic variation at multiple spatial scales (within rivers, among rivers within drainages, and between drainages of the Neman and Vistula rivers). We found high genetic structure between both drainages suggesting that in the case of the analyzed U. crassus populations we were dealing with at least two different genetic units. Only about 4% of the mtDNA variation was due to differences among populations within drainages. However, comparison of population differentiation within drainages for mtDNA also showed some genetic structure among populations within the Vistula drainage. Only one haplotype was shared among all Polish populations whereas the remainder were unique for each population despite the hydrological connection. Interestingly, some haplotypes were present in both drainages. In the case of U. crassus populations under study, the Mantel test revealed a relatively strong relationship between genetic and geographical distances. However, in detail, the pattern of genetic diversity seems to be much more complicated. Therefore, we suggest that the observed pattern of U. crassus genetic diversity distribution is shaped by both historical and current factors i.e. different routes of post glacial colonization and history of drainage systems, historical gene flow, and more recent habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenic factors.

Environmental factors affecting reproducibility of bioremediation field assays in Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 102915 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Martínez Álvarez ◽  
L.A.M. Ruberto ◽  
J.M. Gurevich ◽  
W.P. Mac Cormack
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting
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