Interactive effects of body mass changes and species‐specific morphology on flight behavior of chick‐rearing Antarctic fulmarine petrels under diurnal wind patterns

Abstract The Chukar subspecies Alectoris chukar sinaica inhabits the Negev desert, which is characterized by hot, dry summers, and little winter rainfall. Vegetation is dry and dormant during the summer and autumn; green, succulent vegetation is available following winter rain. We studied whether or not and under what dietary conditions Chukars require drinking water. Four groups of Chukars in an outdoor aviary received either a dry ration + water, a dry ration + green vegetation, a dry ration + green vegetation + water, or green vegetation only. The birds offered only greens lost 15% of their body mass in the first 8 days and 2.9% over the next 6 days, while birds on the other three treatments maintained body mass. The birds receiving only greens had the highest total body water to body mass ratio and the highest water influx. We concluded that the Chukars receiving only green vegetation met their water requirements but not their maintenance energy requirements. Chukars fulfilled both their water and energy requirements on a dry ration + green vegetation (without drinking water); the green vegetation comprised approximately 60% of their total fresh matter intake, or 26% of their total dry matter intake. Our analysis suggests that wild desert Chukars do not require drinking water from early winter to late spring, when succulent forage is available, but probably need free water during summer and autumn, when the bulk of their diet is seeds.

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Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and body mass changes

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety ◽

10.1517/14740330903410213 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 65-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Szymon Skoczen ◽

Marcin Surmiak ◽

Wojciech Strojny

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Body Mass ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Body Mass Changes

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Wing Morphology and Flight Behavior of Some North American Hummingbird Species

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/122.3.872 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 872-886 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. Gary Stiles ◽

Douglas L. Altshuler ◽

Robert Dudley

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

North American ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Wing Disc ◽

Territorial Behavior ◽

Flight Behavior ◽

Adult Males ◽

Wing Morphology ◽

Reversed Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽

Species Specific

Abstract We explored the relationship between wing morphology and flight behavior with respect to sex and age in five species of North American hummingbirds. We first measured the length, chord or “width,“ and area of entire hummingbird wing planforms. We then calculated additional parameters of wing shape and size, including aspect and shape ratios, degree of taper or “pointedness,“ wing loading, and wing disc loading (WDL). Wings of adult males are not only shorter but also more narrow and tapered than those of adult or immature females; immature males have larger wings and lower WDL, more like those of females. A proposed relationship between WDL and territorial behavior and dominance is not supported, given that adult and immature males show similar feeding territoriality outside the breeding season but females rarely do. The more extreme and divergent wings of adult males probably reflect sexual selection in connection with aerial displays that include species-specific sound effects given during the breeding season. North American species are unusual among hummingbirds in showing reversed sexual size-dimorphism (males smaller, with relatively shorter wings), a feature shared with some other small hummingbirds, notably the “Pygmornis“ hermits. Attempts to explain hummingbird foraging and territorial behavior on the basis of differences in WDL have failed because many aspects of wing morphology, physiology, and flight behavior were not taken into account. Several wing parameters appear more related to other modes of flight than to strategies of nectar exploitation, and the morphology of any given wing represents a compromise between the often conflicting aerodynamic demands of different flight modes. Understanding hummingbird flight will require broad comparative studies of wing morphology and wingbeat kinematics in relation to flight behavior, and new theoretical models and experimental data will be needed to elucidate physiological and aerodynamic mechanisms underlying forward flight and maneuvering. Morfología Alar y Comportamiento de Vuelo de Unas Especies de Colibríes de Norteamérica

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Body mass changes in male Daubenton's bats Myotis daubentonii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) during the seasonal activity period

Mammalia ◽

10.1515/mamm.2004.028 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jorge A. Encarnação ◽

Markus Dietz ◽

Uwe Kierdorf ◽

Volkmar Wolters

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Activity Period ◽

Adult Males ◽

Body Mass Changes ◽

Myotis Daubentonii ◽

The Difference ◽

Juvenile Males ◽

Wallis Anova

Body mass changes of adult and juvenile male Daubenton’s bats were studied in a summer habitat in Hesse (Germany) in the years 1998-2001. Animals from the resident population were regularly captured along the flight path from April to October, and body mass was determined using a digital balance. Body mass of adult individuals differed significantly among fortnightly periods (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA by ranks: H = 141.75, p < 0.001). Body mass increased significantly from the second half of April (median: 7.0 g) to the first half of May (median: 7.8 g). Between the second half of May and the first half of August, median body mass fluctuated between 7.8 g and 8.3 g. From the second half of July (median: 7.9 g) to the second half of August (median: 8.4 g), and the second half of September (median: 9.3 g) body mass again significantly increased. The highest median body mass (9.6 g) was recorded in the second half of October. Median body mass of juvenile males ranged between 6.5 g in the first half of July and 8.5 g in the second half of October. Differences in body mass over the studied period were significant (H = 21.70, p < 0.01). During the months July, August, and September, body mass of adult males was significantly higher than that of juveniles, whereas in October the difference was no longer of statistical significance. It is suggested that the decrease in body mass observed in some adult males in September was related to their reproductive activity.

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I can’t stop looking at them: Interactive effects of body mass index and weight dissatisfaction on attention towards body shape photographs

Body Image ◽

10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.12.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 191-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Xiao Gao ◽

Xiaojing Li ◽

Xiaoying Yang ◽

Yang Wang ◽

Todd Jackson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Shape ◽

Interactive Effects

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Review for "Genetic variation of lean body mass, changes of appetite, and weight loss in response to diet interventions: the POUNDS Lost trial"

10.1111/dom.14155/v1/review4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James Blevins

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Mass Changes

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Can snakes use yolk reserves to maximize body size at hatching?

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/cz/zoy098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 627-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan-Fu Qu ◽

Shu-Zhan Zhao ◽

Xu-Fei Jiang ◽

Long-Hui Lin ◽

Xiang Ji

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Body Mass ◽

Tail Length ◽

Linear Size ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Fat Bodies ◽

Free Body ◽

Species Specific ◽

Naja Atra

Abstract We experimentally miniaturized freshly laid eggs of the Chinese cobra Naja atra (Elapidae) by removing ∼10% and ∼20% of original yolk. We tested if yolk-reduced eggs would produce 1) normal-sized hatchlings with invariant yolk-free body mass (and thus invariant linear size) but dramatically reduced or even completely depleted residual yolk, 2) smaller hatchlings with normal-sized residual yolk but reduced yolk-free body mass, or 3) smaller hatchlings of which both yolk-free body mass and residual yolk are proportionally reduced. Yolk quantity affected hatchling linear size (both snout-vent length and tail length) and body mass. However, changes in yolk quantity did not affect incubation length or any hatchling trait examined after accounting for egg mass at laying (for control and sham-manipulated eggs) or after yolk removal (for manipulated eggs). Specifically, yolk-reduced eggs produced hatchlings of which all major components (carcass, residual yolk, and fat bodies) were scaled down proportionally. We show that snakes cannot use yolk reserves to maximize their body size at hatching. Furthermore, our data also suggest that the partitioning of yolk in embryonic snakes is species-specific.

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Body-mass Changes in Female Collared Flycatchers: State-dependent Strategy

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/118.2.550 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 550-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mariusz Cichoń

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Body Mass ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Adaptive Strategy ◽

Ficedula Albicollis ◽

Prolonged Incubation ◽

Collared Flycatcher ◽

State Dependent ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Body Mass Changes

Abstract Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) females experimentally were forced to prolong their incubation to address the question whether mass constancy during incubation and subsequent mass loss after hatching is actually related to breeding stage. Compared to unmanipulated control females a week after expected hatching, experimental females did not show any significant mass loss during prolonged incubation, whereas control females that successfully hatched their eggs dropped their mass significantly. Results show that body mass in females is associated with the reproductive stage and may reflect an adaptive strategy. High and stable incubation mass can be a fasting endurance in case of adverse weather conditions when females stay on the nest instead of foraging.

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Interaction of lipoprotein lipase polymorphisms with body mass index and birth weight to modulate lipid profiles in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-III Study

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/1516-3180.2015.00792608 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 134 (2) ◽

pp. 121-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gholamreza Askari ◽

Motahar Heidari-Beni ◽

Marjan Mansourian ◽

Mohammad Esmaeil-Motlagh ◽

Roya Kelishadi

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Lipoprotein Lipase ◽

Body Mass ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

High Resolution Melt

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Interactions between body mass index (BMI), birth weight and risk parameters may contribute to diseases rather than the individual effects of each factor. However this hypothesis needs to be confirmed. This study aimed to determine to what extent variants of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) might interact with birth weight or body weight in determining the lipid profile concentrations in children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Substudy of the third survey of a national surveillance system (CASPIAN-III Study) in Iran. METHODS: Whole blood samples (kept frozen at -70 °C) were randomly selected from 750 students aged 10-18 years. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high-resolution melt analysis were performed to assess S447X (rs328), HindIII (rs320) and D9N (rs1801177) polymorphisms. RESULTS: The AG/GG genotype in D9N polymorphism was associated with higher LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and lower HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) concentration. Significant interactions were found for D9N polymorphism and birth weight in association with plasma HDL-C concentration, and also for D9N polymorphism and BMI in association with plasma triglyceride (TG) and HDL-C levels. HindIII polymorphism had significant association with birth weight for HDL-C concentration, and with BMI for TG and HDL-C levels. Significant interactions were found for S447X polymorphism and BMI in association with plasma TG and HDL-C concentrations. CONCLUSION: We found significant interactive effects from LPL polymorphisms and birth weight on HDL-C concentration, and also effects from LPL polymorphisms and BMI on TG and HDL-C concentrations.

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