scholarly journals Orientation behavior of riparian long‐jawed orb weavers ( Tetragnatha elongata ) after displacement over water

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2899-2906
Author(s):  
Sidney J. Goedeker ◽  
Theresa E. Wrynn ◽  
Brian G. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Behavior

scholarly journals Circuit Motifs for Spatial Orientation Behaviors Identified by Neural Network Optimization

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Dunn ◽  
J. S. Conery ◽  
S. R. Lockery
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Hill Climbing ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Orientation Behavior ◽  
Neuronal Connectivity ◽  
Neural Network Optimization ◽  
Intermediate Point ◽  
Type Of Behavior ◽  
Acting In Concert

Spatial orientation behavior is universal among animals, but its neuronal basis is poorly understood. The main objective of the present study was to identify candidate patterns of neuronal connectivity (motifs) for two widely recognized classes of spatial orientation behaviors: hill climbing, in which the organism seeks the highest point in a spatial gradient, and goal seeking, in which the organism seeks an intermediate point in the gradient. Focusing on simple networks of graded processing neurons characteristic of Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes, we used an unbiased optimization algorithm to seek values of neuronal time constants, resting potentials, and synaptic strengths sufficient for each type of behavior. We found many different hill-climbing and goal-seeking networks that performed equally well in the two tasks. Surprisingly, however, each hill-climbing network represented one of just three fundamental circuit motifs, and each goal-seeking network comprised two of these motifs acting in concert. These motifs are likely to inform the search for the real circuits that underlie these behaviors in nematodes and other organisms.

Nocturnal activity and orientation behavior during spring migration and early summer in the indigo bunting,Passerina cyanea

1980 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wiltschko ◽  
Roswitha Wiltschko ◽  
Stephan T. Emlen ◽  
Natalie J. Demong
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Orientation Behavior ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Passerina Cyanea

scholarly journals The Effect of Neonicotinoid Insecticide and Fungicide on Sugar Responsiveness and Orientation Behavior of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) in Semi-Field Conditions

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingchuan Jiang ◽  
Zhengwei Wang ◽  
Qibao He ◽  
Qiongqiong Liu ◽  
Xinyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Orientation Behavior ◽  
Pollinator Decline ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Flower Odor

Neonicotinoid insecticides are in widespread use around the world, cause pollinator decline. We used semi-field conditions to determine the effect of sublethal insecticide, thiamethoxam, exposure on orientation behavior and sugar responsiveness. Bees could not reject the non-treated flower or the insecticide or insecticide/fungicide treated flower. After bees consumed the insecticide or insecticide/fungicide treated nectar, they could not discriminate between a flower odor or blank control in a Y-maze when making a first choice. We also found that treated bees wander back and forth in both arms to make a final decision about food location, and used longer duration in the Y maze than the control group. Sugar responsiveness was also reduced after bees were fed with insecticide or insecticide/fungicide treated food, one week was needed for them to display the same level of responsiveness as the control group. The thiamethoxam or thiamethoxam/carbendazol treated crop field does not act as an olfactory repellent to the bee, but it does affect its post-consumption behavior.

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