scholarly journals The effects of functional response and host abundance fluctuations on genetic rescue in parasitoids with single‐locus sex determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 13030-13043
Author(s):  
Etsuko Nonaka ◽  
Veijo Kaitala
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Abundance Fluctuations

scholarly journals PREFERENSI DAN TANGGAP FUNGSIONAL PARASITOID HEMIPTARSENUS VARICORNIS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PADA LARVA LALAT PENGOROK DAUN KENTANG

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Hidrayani Hidrayani ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
S. Sosromarsono ◽  
U. Kartosuwondo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Female Parasitoid ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

The preference and functional response of Parasitoid Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) on host larvae of potato leafminers. The preference of Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) on host larvae of potato leafminers (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and their  functional response on host abundance were studied in laboratory. The preference test was conducted by releasing a female parasitoid in a cage containing two redbean leaves, one with 2nd instar and another one with 3rd instar.  The functional response test was conducted by providing 3rd instar  with density 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 13  larvae  per leaf. The result showed that  H. varicornis had the preference on 3rd instar  larvae compared to 2nd instar, either for parasitisation or paralysis. Based on logistic regression analysis it was found that the parasitoid showed type II functional response on the increase of host abundance. The searching rate (a) and handling time (Th) for paralysis were 0.038 and 1.473 based on disk equation model, and 0.076 and 2.060 on ramdom equation model.  For parasitisation activity, the value of  a and Th were  0.012 and 4.649 based on disk equation model, and 0.014 and 5.075 on random equation model.

scholarly journals Single-locus complementary sex determination absent in Heterospilus prosopidis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Heredity ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Wu ◽  
K R Hopper ◽  
P J Ode ◽  
R W Fuester ◽  
M Tuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination ◽  
Heterospilus Prosopidis

scholarly journals Sexually Dimorphic DNA Damage Responses and Mutation Avoidance in the Mouse Germline

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana C. Bloom ◽  
John C. Schimenti
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Pregnant Mice

AbstractGerm cells specified during fetal development form the foundation of the mammalian germline. These primordial germ cells (PGCs) undergo rapid proliferation, yet the germline is highly refractory to mutation accumulation compared to somatic cells. Importantly, while the presence of endogenous or exogenous DNA damage has the potential to impact PGCs, there is little known about how these cells respond to stressors. To better understand the DNA damage response (DDR) in these cells, we exposed pregnant mice to ionizing radiation (IR) at specific gestational time points and assessed the DDR in PGCs. Our results show that PGCs prior to sex determination lack a G1 cell cycle checkpoint. Additionally, the response to IR-induced DNA damage differs between female and male PGCs post-sex determination. IR of female PGCs caused uncoupling of germ cell differentiation and meiotic initiation, while male PGCs exhibited repression of piRNA metabolism and transposon de-repression. We also used whole genome single-cell DNA sequencing to reveal that genetic rescue of DNA repair-deficient germ cells (Fancm-/-) leads to increased mutation incidence and biases. Importantly, our work uncovers novel insights into how PGCs exposed to DNA damage can become developmentally defective, leaving only those genetically fit cells to establish the adult germline.

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