scholarly journals Agriculture creates subtle genetic structure among migratory and nonmigratory populations of burrowing owls throughout North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 10697-10708
Author(s):  
Alberto Macías‐Duarte ◽  
Courtney J. Conway ◽  
Melanie Culver
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
Burrowing Owls

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) and Its Concordance with Taxonomy in North America

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Laurence ◽  
David W. Coltman ◽  
Jamieson C. Gorrell ◽  
Albrecht I. Schulte-Hostedde
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
Ondatra Zibethicus

scholarly journals The Impact of Migratory Flyways on the Spread of Avian Influenza Virus in North America

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Fourment ◽  
Aaron E. Darling ◽  
Edward C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWild birds are the major reservoir hosts for influenza A viruses (AIVs) and have been implicated in the emergence of pandemic events in livestock and human populations. Understanding how AIVs spread within and across continents is therefore critical to the development of successful strategies to manage and reduce the impact of influenza outbreaks. In North America many bird species undergo seasonal migratory movements along a North-South axis, thereby fostering opportunities for viruses to spread over long distances. However, the role played by such avian flyways in shaping the genetic structure of AIV populations has proven controversial. To assess the relative contribution of bird migration along flyways to the genetic structure of AIV we performed a large-scale phylogeographic study of viruses sampled in the USA and Canada, involving the analysis of 3805 to 4505 sequences from 36 to 38 geographic localities depending on the gene data set. To assist this we developed a maximum likelihood-based genetic algorithm to explore a wide range of complex spatial models, thereby depicting a more complete picture of the migration network than previous studies. Based on phylogenies estimated from nucleotide data sets, our results show that AIV migration rates within flyways are significantly higher than those between flyways, indicating that the migratory patterns of birds play a key role in pathogen dispersal. These findings provide valuable insights into the evolution, maintenance and transmission of AIVs, in turn allowing the development of improved programs for surveillance and risk assessment.Significance StatementAvian influenza viruses infect a wide variety of wild bird species and represent a potential disease threat to the poultry industry and hence to human and livestock populations. However, the ecological factors that drive the geographic spread and evolution of these viruses are both poorly understood and controversial at the continental scale, particularly the role played by migratory flyways in shaping patterns of virus dispersal. Using a novel phylogeographic analysis of large genomic data sets we show migration flyways act as important transmission barriers to the spread of avian influenza viruses in North America. Hence, these results indicate that the spread of avian influenza virus in wild birds in North America has an element of predictability.

Genetic structure and gene flow among European corn borer populations from the Great Plains to the Appalachians of North America

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung S. Kim ◽  
Brad S. Coates ◽  
Mark J. Bagley ◽  
Richard L. Hellmich ◽  
Thomas W. Sappington
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borer
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