scholarly journals Climate anomalies affect annual survival rates of swifts wintering in sub‐Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 7916-7928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Boano ◽  
Irene Pellegrino ◽  
Mauro Ferri ◽  
Marco Cucco ◽  
Fausto Minelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus Viremia Associated With Increased Mortality in Cryptococcal Meningitis in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Skipper ◽  
Mark R Schleiss ◽  
Ananta S Bangdiwala ◽  
Nelmary Hernandez-Alvarado ◽  
Kabanda Taseera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis are both important causes of death in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia may be associated with increased mortality in persons living with HIV who have tuberculosis. It is unknown whether concurrent CMV viremia is associated with mortality in other AIDS-related opportunistic infections. Methods We prospectively enrolled Ugandans living with HIV who had cryptococcal meningitis from 2010–2012. Subsequently, we analyzed stored baseline plasma samples from 111 subjects for CMV DNA. We compared 10-week survival rates among those with and without CMV viremia. Results Of 111 participants, 52% (58/111) had detectable CMV DNA (median plasma viral load 498 IU/mL, interquartile range [IQR] 259–2390). All samples tested were positive on immunoglobin G serology. The median CD4+ T cell count was 19 cells/µL (IQR 9–70) and did not differ by the presence of CMV viremia (P = .47). The 10-week mortality rates were 40% (23/58) in those with CMV viremia and 21% (11/53) in those without CMV viremia (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–4.49; P = .03), which remained significant after a multivariate adjustment for known risk factors of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 3.25, 95% CI 1.49–7.10; P = .003). Serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels were generally similar and cryptococcal antigen-specific immune stimulation responses did not differ between groups. Conclusions Half of persons with advanced AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis had detectable CMV viremia. CMV viremia was associated with an over 2-fold higher mortality rate. It remains unclear whether CMV viremia in severely immunocompromised persons with cryptococcal meningitis contributes directly to this mortality or may reflect an underlying immune dysfunction (ie, cause vs effect). Clinical Trials Registration NCT01075152.

scholarly journals Poverty And Childhood Survival Rates In Sub-Saharan Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amon O. Okpala ◽  
O. Felix Ayadi ◽  
Pender Gbenedio
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Sub Saharan

Life-expectancy at birth is an important indicator of well-being. Most of the nations with very high life expectancy rates are among the economically advanced nations of the world. This fact leads one to infer that mortality differences exist partly due to economic status. The poverty of women and children remain a major developing challenge for all societies, especially the developing nations. Women in Sub-Saharan Africa play a very important role in food production, bearing and raising children, the prevention/treatment of childhood diseases and malnutrition. As such, the education of mothers and household income could help improve family health, and sanitation. The findings here do show that childhood mortality is significantly influenced by female education, household income, and the feeding practices of mothers.

scholarly journals Community engagement in Ebola outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa and implications for COVID-19 control: A systematic review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Osei Frimpong ◽  
Elijah Paintsil
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Objectives There is a paucity of systematic data on the specific roles community engagement played in preventing and managing the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We assessed community engagement's role, benefits, and mechanisms to understand its effect on EVD case detection, survival, and mortality in SSA. Implications for COVID-19 prevention and control were also highlighted. Methods We systematically searched for articles between 2010 and 2020 in databases such as MEDLINE and EMBASE. Study types included were randomised trials, quasi-experimental studies, observational studies, case series, and reports. Results A total of 903 records were identified for screening. 216 articles met the review criteria, 103 were initially selected, and 44 were included in the final review. Our findings show that effective community involvement during the EVD outbreak depended on the survival rates, testimonials of survivors, risk perception, and community leaders’ inclusion. Community-based interventions improved knowledge and attitudes, case findings, isolation efforts and treatment. Conclusion Although the studies included in this review were of highly variable quality, community engagement lessons learned from Ebola outbreaks can be applied to COVID-19 pandemic control in SSA.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

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