scholarly journals New technologies in the mix: Assessing N‐mixture models for abundance estimation using automated detection data from drone surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 8176-8185
Author(s):  
Evangeline Corcoran ◽  
Simon Denman ◽  
Grant Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Abundance Estimation

scholarly journals Near Real-Time Detection of Poachers from Drones in AirSim

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bondi ◽  
Ashish Kapoor ◽  
Debadeepta Dey ◽  
James Piavis ◽  
Shital Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Live Demonstration ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Processing Techniques

The unrelenting threat of poaching has led to increased development of new technologies to combat it. One such example is the use of thermal infrared cameras mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) to spot poachers at night and report them to park rangers before they are able to harm any animals. However, monitoring the live video stream from these conservation UAVs all night is an arduous task. Therefore, we discuss SPOT (Systematic Poacher deTector), a novel application that augments conservation drones with the ability to automatically detect poachers and animals in near real time. SPOT illustrates the feasibility of building upon state-of-the-art AI techniques, such as Faster RCNN, to address the challenges of automatically detecting animals and poachers in infrared images. This paper reports (i) the design of SPOT, (ii) efficient processing techniques to ensure usability in the field, (iii) evaluation of SPOT based on historical videos and a real-world test run by the end-users, Air Shepherd, in the field, and (iv) the use of AirSim for live demonstration of SPOT. The promising results from a field test have led to a plan for larger-scale deployment in a national park in southern Africa. While SPOT is developed for conservation drones, its design and novel techniques have wider application for automated detection from UAV videos.

scholarly journals Classificação Automatizada do Uso e Cobertura do Solo a Partir de Imagens Landsat (Automated Classification of Use and Land Cover from Landsat Images)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 058
Author(s):  
Gilberto Fialho Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Classification Procedures ◽  
Operational Simplicity

As discussões atuais acerca dos problemas ambientais têm exigido o domínio de ferramentas e novas metodologias que garantam a melhor gestão do espaço natural. A avaliação da cobertura do solo tem requerido das agências de monitoramento ambiental investimentos em tecnologias que proporcionem resultados ágeis e precisos, de forma a potencializar as possibilidades de proteção do meio ambiente. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar novas tecnologias e metodologias de detecção automatizada da cobertura vegetal a partir de imagens orbitais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Araponga/MG, utilizando procedimentos de classificação de imagens pelos métodos da Máxima Verossimilhança (MAXVER) e por Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) aplicados em seis bandas de uma imagem LandSat 5TM (Thematic Mapper) 2005. No estudo, buscou-se discriminar as seguintes tipologias: Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, Floresta Ombrófila, Campo de Altitude, Pastagem, Café e Eucalipto. Para fins de comparação, foram utilizados resultados do Inventário Florestal de Minas Gerais de 2005, cuja classificação foi efetuada pelo procedimento das Árvores de Decisão. Os resultados obtidos indicaram divergências entre as metodologias, ainda que na executada via MAXVER, o índice de validação geral utilizado tenha revelado uma classificação considerada ótima. As classificações efetuadas não apresentaram resultados adequados para as coberturas vegetais eucalipto e café. Embora a metodologia RNA venha se despontando como uma das mais adequadas para a classificação de imagens, a complexidade e o tempo demandado na preparação dos materiais, bem como os procedimentos de tentativa e erro requeridos, dificultam ou mesmo restringem sua utilização, principalmente comercial. Em função dos resultados alcançados no presente estudo, aos quais pode ser associada à simplicidade operacional, a classificação via MAXVER destaca-se como uma opção mais adequada para a detecção da cobertura vegetal em estudos ambientais.  AbstractThe current discussions about environmental problems have required knowledgment new tools and methodologies to ensure better management of natural ambient. Land cover evaluation has required from environmental monitoring agencies investments in technology that provide accurate and quick results to maximize the opportunities for environmental protection. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate new technologies and methodologies for land cover automated detection from satellite images. The study was carried in Araponga/MG (Brazil) county, using the images classification procedures of Maximum Likelihood (MAXVER) method and Artificial Neural Networks (RNA). Associated with the operational simplicity, the MAXVER classification stands out as a proper option for the detection of vegetation cover in environmental studies.

scholarly journals An efficient extension of N‐mixture models for multi‐species abundance estimation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Gomez ◽  
Scott K. Robinson ◽  
Jason K. Blackburn ◽  
José M. Ponciano
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Models ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundance Estimation

scholarly journals Protocol for Rapid, Accurate, Electrophysiologic, Auditory Assessment of Infants and Toddlers

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Yvonne S. Sininger ◽  
Lisa L. Hunter ◽  
Patricia A. Roush ◽  
Sue Windmill ◽  
Deborah Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Electrophysiologic Testing ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Brainstem Response

Abstract Background Audiologists often lack confidence in results produced by current protocols for diagnostic electrophysiologic testing of infants. This leads to repeat testing appointments and slow protocols which extend the time needed to complete the testing and consequently delay fitting of amplification. A recent publication (Sininger et al50) has shown how new technologies can be applied to electrophysiologic testing systems to improve confidence in results and allow faster test protocols. Average test times for complete audiogram predictions when using new technologies and protocols were found to be just over 32 minutes using auditory brainstem response (ABR) and just under 20 minutes using auditory steady-state response (ASSR) technology. Purpose The purpose of this manuscript is to provide details of expedited test protocols for infant and toddler diagnostic electrophysiologic testing. Summary Several new technologies and their role in test speed and confidence are described including CE-Chirp stimuli, automated detection of ABRs using a technique called F MP, Bayesian weighting which is an alternative to standard artifact rejection and Next-Generation ASSR with improved response detection and chirp stimuli. The test protocol has the following features: (1) preliminary testing includes impedance measures and otoacoustic emissions, (2) starting test levels are based on Broad-Band CE-Chirp thresholds in each ear, (3) ABRs or ASSRs are considered present based on automated detection rather than on replication of responses, (4) number of test levels is minimized, (5) ASSR generally evaluates four frequencies in each ear simultaneously with flexibility to change all test levels independently. Conclusions Combining new technologies with common-sense strategies has been shown to substantially reduce test times for predicting audiometric thresholds in infants and toddlers (Sininger et al50). Details and rationales for changing test strategies and protocols are given and case examples are used to illustrate.

Protocol for Rapid, Accurate, Electrophysiologic, Auditory Assessment of Infants and Toddlers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne S. Sininger ◽  
Lisa L. Hunter ◽  
Patricia A. Roush ◽  
Sue Windmill ◽  
Deborah Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Artifact Rejection ◽  
Brainstem Response

Background: Audiologists often lack confidence in results produced by current protocols for diagnosticelectrophysiologic testing of infants. This leads to repeat testing appointments and slow protocols whichextend the time needed to complete the testing and consequently delay fitting of amplification. A recentpublication (Sininger et al, 2018) has shown how new technologies can be applied to electrophysiologictesting systems to improve confidence in results and allow faster test protocols. Average test times forcomplete audiogram predictions when using new technologies and protocols were found to be just over32 minutes using auditory brainstem response (ABR) and just under 20 minutes using auditory steadystateresponse (ASSR) technology.<br />Purpose: The purpose of this manuscript is to provide details of expedited test protocols for infant andtoddler diagnostic electrophysiologic testing.<br />Summary: Several new technologies and their role in test speed and confidence are described includingCE-Chirp stimuli, automated detection of ABRs using a technique called FMP, Bayesian weighting which isan alternative to standard artifact rejection and Next-Generation ASSR with improved response detectionand chirp stimuli. The test protocol has the following features: (1) preliminary testing includes impedancemeasures and otoacoustic emissions, (2) starting test levels are based on Broad-Band CE-Chirp thresholdsin each ear, (3) ABRs or ASSRs are considered present based on automated detection rather thanon replication of responses, (4) number of test levels is minimized, (5) ASSR generally evaluates fourfrequencies in each ear simultaneously with flexibility to change all test levels independently.<br />Conclusions: Combining new technologies with common-sense strategies has been shown to substantiallyreduce test times for predicting audiometric thresholds in infants and toddlers (Sininger et al, 2018).Details and rationales for changing test strategies and protocols are given and case examples are used toillustrate.

Principles of Low-Vacuum SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1304-1305
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Gaseous Environment ◽  
New Information ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
Gas Pressures

Only recently it became possible to expand scanning electron microscopy to low vacuum and atmospheric pressure through the introduction of several new technologies. In principle, only the specimen is provided with a controlled gaseous environment while the optical microscope column is kept at high vacuum. In the specimen chamber, the gas can generate new interactions with i) the probe electrons, ii) the specimen surface, and iii) the specimen-specific signal electrons. The results of these interactions yield new information about specimen surfaces not accessible to conventional high vacuum SEM. Several microscope types are available differing from each other by the maximum available gas pressure and the types of signals which can be used for investigation of specimen properties.Electrical non-conductors can be easily imaged despite charge accumulations at and beneath their surface. At high gas pressures between 10-2 and 2 torr, gas molecules are ionized in the electrical field between the specimen surface and the surrounding microscope parts through signal electrons and, to a certain extent, probe electrons. The gas provides a stable ion flux for a surface charge equalization if sufficient gas ions are provided.

Structural dynamics of P-type ATPase ion pumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dyla ◽  
Sara Basse Hansen ◽  
Poul Nissen ◽  
Magnus Kjaergaard
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
P Type

Abstract P-type ATPases transport ions across biological membranes against concentration gradients and are essential for all cells. They use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to propel large intramolecular movements, which drive vectorial transport of ions. Tight coordination of the motions of the pump is required to couple the two spatially distant processes of ion binding and ATP hydrolysis. Here, we review our current understanding of the structural dynamics of P-type ATPases, focusing primarily on Ca2+ pumps. We integrate different types of information that report on structural dynamics, primarily time-resolved fluorescence experiments including single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamics simulations, and interpret them in the framework provided by the numerous crystal structures of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. We discuss the challenges in characterizing the dynamics of membrane pumps, and the likely impact of new technologies on the field.

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