scholarly journals Gene flow and species delimitation in fishes of Western North America: Flannelmouth ( Catostomus latipinnis ) and Bluehead sucker ( C. Pantosteus discobolus )

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 6477-6493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max R. Bangs ◽  
Marlis R. Douglas ◽  
Tyler K. Chafin ◽  
Michael E. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Bluehead Sucker

Canada lynx gene flow across a mountain transition zone in western North America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristen M Watt ◽  
Elizabeth M Kierepka ◽  
Catarina C. Ferreira ◽  
Erin L Koen ◽  
Jeffrey R. Row ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Ecological Divergence ◽  
Canada Lynx ◽  
Barrier Effects

Mountain ecotones have the potential to cause multiple patterns in divergence, from simple barrier effects to more fundamental ecological divergence. Most work in mountain ecotones in North America has focused on reinforcement between refugial populations, making prediction of how mountains impact species that are not restricted to separate glacial refugia remains difficult. This study focused on the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792), a highly mobile felid considered to be a habitat and dietary specialist. Specifically, we used 14 microsatellite loci and landscape genetic tools to investigate if the Rocky Mountains and associated climatic transitions influence lynx genetic differentiation in western North America. Although lynx exhibited high gene flow across the region, analyses detected structuring of neutral genetic variation across our study area. Gene flow for lynx most strongly related to temperature and elevation compared to other landscape variables (terrain roughness, percent forest cover, and habitat suitability index) and geographic distance alone. Overall, genetic structure in lynx is most consistent with barrier effects created by the Rocky Mountains rather than ecological divergence. Furthermore, warmer temperatures had a measurable impact on gene flow, which suggests connectivity may further decrease in peripheral or fragmented populations as climate warms.

scholarly journals Barrier to Gene Flow Between Eastern and Western Populations of Cronartium ribicola in North America

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1073-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hamelin ◽  
R. S. Hunt ◽  
B. W. Geils ◽  
G. D. Jensen ◽  
V. Jacobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Pair Group

The population structure of Cronartium ribicola from eastern and western North America was studied to test the null hypothesis that populations are panmictic across the continent. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers previously characterized in eastern populations were mostly fixed in western populations, yielding high levels of genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations (φst = 0.55; θ = 0.36; P < 0.001). An unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic mean dendro-gram based on genetic distances separated the four eastern and four western populations into two distinct clusters along geographic lines. Similarly, a principal component analysis using marker frequency yielded one cluster of eastern populations and a second cluster of western populations. The population from New Mexico was clearly within the western cluster in both analyses, confirming the western origin of this recent introduction. This population was completely fixed (Hj = 0.000; n = 45) at all loci suggesting a severe recent population bottleneck. Genetic distances were low among populations of western North America (0.00 to 0.02) and among eastern populations (0.00 to 0.02), indicating a very similar genetic composition. In contrast, genetic distances between eastern and western populations were large, and all were significantly different from 0 (0.07 to 0.19; P < 0.001). Indirect estimates of migration were high among western populations, including the number of migrants among pairs of populations (Nm > 1) between New Mexico and British Columbia populations, but were smaller than one migrant per generation between eastern and western populations. These results suggest the presence of a barrier to gene flow between C. ribicola populations from eastern and western North America.

A new species of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from western North America

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorinde Nuytinck ◽  
Joseph F. Ammirati
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Bright Orange ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Reddish Orange

Although Lactarius sect. Deliciosi (Fr.) Redeuilh, Verbeken & Walleyn (syn. Lactarius sect. Dapetes) is a readily identifiable group in the field, it is exceedingly difficult to correctly identify species with orange to reddish orange latex. A lack of careful study of these species in North America in general, and the Pacific Northwest more specifically, makes species identification often impossible. One common undescribed Pacific Northwest species, which begins fruiting rather early in the season, is described here as Lactarius aestivus sp. nov. It is found in conifer forests dominated by Abies Mill. and Tsuga Carrière, and is characterized by bright orange latex and zonate, bright to pale orange pileus that only rarely stains greenish. A phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences supports the species delimitation.

Natural intersectional hybridization between North American species of Populus (Salicaceae) in sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca. III. Paleobotany and evolution

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Eckenwalder
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Role

Fossilized leaves resembling those of contemporary intersectional hybrids occur together with leaves assignable to sections Tacamahaca Spach and Aigeiros Duby in Miocene and Pliocene sediments in western North America. They are not referable to any particular extant hybrid species and are assigned to the extinct Populus × parcedentata Axelrod. Together with other evidence, these ancient hybrids raise questions concerning the evolutionary role of hybridization between species of the two parent sections. Present evidence about hybridization as a bridge for intersectional gene flow is contradictory. The apparent absence of backcrossed individuals in most studied hybridizing populations is offset by morphological pecularitics shared by sympatric cottonwoods and balsam poplars that are not shared with their cladistic sister species.

Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships of deer (Odocoileus spp.) in western North America

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Mtdna Sequence

Odocoileus hemionus (mule deer and black-tailed deer) and Odocoileus virginanus (white-tailed deer) are sympatric in western North America and are characterized by distinct morphology, behavior, and allozyme allele frequencies. However, there is discordance among nuclear and mitochondrial genetic relationships, as mule deer (O. h. hemionus) and white-tailed deer have similar mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which is very different from that of black-tailed deer (O. h. columbianus, O. h. sitkensis). I expanded previous studies to clarify the genetic relationships of these groups by determining mtDNA haplotype and allozyme genotypes for 667 deer from several locations in northwestern North America. Different mtDNA haplotypes in mule deer, black-tailed deer, and white-tailed deer indicate that mitochondrial gene flow is restricted. Allozyme allele frequencies indicate that there is also restriction of nuclear gene flow between O. virginianus and O. hemionus, and to a lesser extent between mule deer and black-tailed deer. There is a low level of introgressive hybridization of mtDNA from mule deer and black-tailed deer into white-tailed deer populations and considerable interbreeding of mule deer and black-tailed deer in a contact zone. The discordance of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes is apparent only if mtDNA sequence divergences, and not haplotype frequencies, are considered.

scholarly journals Gene flow and species delimitation in fishes of Western North America: Flannelmouth (Catostomus latipinnis) and Bluehead sucker (C. Pantosteus discobolus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max R. Bangs ◽  
Marlis R. Douglas ◽  
Tyler K. Chafin ◽  
Michael E. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Assignment Test ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Genealogical Concordance ◽  
Bluehead Sucker ◽  
Flannelmouth Sucker ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractThe delimitation of species-boundaries, particularly those obscured by reticulation, is a critical step in contemporary biodiversity assessment. It is especially relevant for conservation and management of indigenous fishes in western North America, represented herein by two species with dissimilar life-histories co-distributed in the highly modified Colorado River (i.e., Flannelmouth Sucker, Catostomus latipinnis; Bluehead Sucker, C. Pantosteus discobolus). To quantify phylogenomic patterns and examine proposed taxonomic revisions, we first employed double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD), yielding 39,755 unlinked SNPs across 139 samples. These were subsequently evaluated with multiple analytical approaches and by contrasting life history data. Three phylogenetic methods and a Bayesian assignment test highlighted similar phylogenomic patterns in each, but with considerable difference in presumed times of divergence. Three lineages were detected in Bluehead Sucker, supporting elevation of C. P. virescens to species-status, and recognizing C. P. discobolus yarrowi (Zuni Bluehead Sucker) as a discrete entity. Admixture in the latter necessitated a reevaluation of its contemporary and historic distributions, underscoring how biodiversity identification can be confounded by complex evolutionary histories. In addition, we defined three separate Flannelmouth Sucker lineages as ESUs (Evolutionarily Significant Units), given limited phenotypic and genetic differentiation, contemporary isolation, and lack of concordance (per the genealogical concordance component of the phylogenetic species concept). Introgression was diagnosed in both species, with the Little Colorado and Virgin rivers in particular. Our diagnostic methods, and the alignment of our SNPs with previous morphological, enzymatic, and mitochondrial work, allowed us to partition complex evolutionary histories into requisite components, such as isolation versus secondary contact.

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