scholarly journals Fluid preservation causes minimal reduction of parasite detectability in fish specimens: A new approach for reconstructing parasite communities of the past?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 6449-6460
Author(s):  
Evan A. Fiorenza ◽  
Katie L. Leslie ◽  
Mark E. Torchin ◽  
Katherine P. Maslenikov ◽  
Luke Tornabene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
Fluid Preservation

TEM study of a biofilm on copper corrosion

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
N. Kohyama ◽  
B. Little ◽  
P. Wagner ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copper Tolerant

The corrosion of copper and copper alloys in a marine environment is of great concern because of their widespread use in heat exchangers and steam condensers in which natural seawater is the coolant. It has become increasingly evident that microorganisms play an important role in the corrosion of a number of metals and alloys under a variety of environments. For the past 15 years the use of SEM has proven to be useful in studying biofilms and spatial relationships between bacteria and localized corrosion of metals. Little information, however, has been obtained using TEM capitalizing on its higher spacial resolution and the transmission observation of interfaces. The research presented herein is the first step of this new approach in studying the corrosion with biological influence in pure copper.Commercially produced copper (Cu, 99%) foils of approximately 120 μm thick exposed to a copper-tolerant marine bacterium, Oceanospirillum, and an abiotic culture medium were subsampled (1 cm × 1 cm) for this study along with unexposed control samples.

On-Surface Radical Oligomerisation: A New Approach to STM Tip-Induced Reactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaolei Zhan ◽  
Younes Makoudi ◽  
Judicael Jeannoutot ◽  
Simon Lamare ◽  
Michel Féron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Surface ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling Microscope ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organic Nanostructures ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Surface Fabrication ◽  
And Control

Over the past decade, on-surface fabrication of organic nanostructures has been widely investigated for the development of molecular electronic devices, nanomachines, and new materials. Here, we introduce a new strategy to obtain alkyl oligomers in a controlled manner using on-surface radical oligomerisations that are triggered by the electrons/holes between the sample surface and the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope. The resulting radical-mediated mechanism is substantiated by a detailed theoretical study. This electron transfer event only occurs when <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> < -3 V or <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> > + 3 V and allows access to reactive radical species under exceptionally mild conditions. This transfer can effectively ‘switch on’ a sequence leading to formation of oligomers of defined size distribution due to the on-surface confinement of reactive species. Our approach enables new ways to initiate and control radical oligomerisations with tunnelling electrons, leading to molecularly precise nanofabrication.

Click Reactions in Chemistry of Triterpenes - Advances Towards Development of Potential Therapeutics

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pokorny ◽  
Lucie Borkova ◽  
Milan Urban
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Click Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Triterpenoids are natural compounds with a large variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparazitic, antiinflammatory and others. Despite their low toxicity and simple availability from the natural resources, their clinical use is still severely limited by their higher IC50 and worse pharmacological properties than in the currently used therapeutics. This fact encouraged a number of researchers to develop new terpenic derivatives more suitable for the potential clinical use. This review summarizes a new approach to improve both, the activity and ADME-Tox properties by connecting active terpenes to another modifying molecules using click reactions. Within the past few years, this synthetic approach was well explored yielding a lot of great improvements of the parent compounds along with some less successful attempts. A large quantity of the new compounds presented here are superior in both activity and ADME-Tox properties to their parents. This review should serve the researchers who need to promote their hit triterpenic structures towards their clinical use and it is intended as a guide for the chemical synthesis of better drug candidates.

Transient Thermal Analysis for the Automotive Underhood and Underbody Components

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hsien Wu ◽  
Kumar Srinivasan ◽  
Steven Patterson ◽  
Emmanuel Bot
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Full Vehicle ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Steady State Solutions

The transient thermal simulation is an important part of thermal management development for new vehicle architectures. Different techniques have been studied in the past to address this coupled conduction/convection/radiation problem. In order to fully capture the transient thermal behavior of various underhood and underbody components, it is also necessary to accurately model the thermal mass of each part and the thermal links between dissimilar materials. The paper will outline a new, efficient methodology for this type of thermal analysis that shows acceptable results for complex full vehicle thermal analysis without sacrificing accuracy. The methodology is based on approximating the transient convective field with intermittent steady state solutions. The paper will present results from this new approach and compare them with fully transient simulation results as well as experimental data. The new methodology can be optimized to significantly reduce simulation run times without sacrificing accuracy and to be more practical for application in the vehicle development cycle.

A solution-focussed approach to time-limited counselling

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
John Barletta
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Daily Interactions ◽  
Interpersonal Helping ◽  
Major Emphasis

Counsellors routinely work in situations with students, parents and colleagues, where they need to use interpersonal helping and counselling skills. This function has been recently compounded by the emergence of multiple demands which place a new set of challenges on counsellors. Given that many counsellor training programs do not include time-limited counselling techniques, counsellors have traditionally drawn on more problem-focussed, longer-term theories when helping others. This has not always been appropriate or successful. Traditional counselling theories suggest that only highly trained counsellors should be involved in interpersonal helping, simultaneously placing a major emphasis on the clinical nature of problems. This paper presents a relatively new approach to counselling that does not delve intrusively into the past, and is not restricted to professional counsellors. Solution-focussed brief counselling techniques lend themselves well to the education context, and with appropriate attention, can be utilised by counsellors who will become more intentional and f acilitative in their daily interactions.

scholarly journals Molecular archaeoparasitology identifies cultural changes in the Medieval Hanseatic trading centre of Lübeck

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1888) ◽  
pp. 20180991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik G. Flammer ◽  
Simon Dellicour ◽  
Stephen G. Preston ◽  
Dirk Rieger ◽  
Sylvia Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum ◽  
Sample Set

Throughout history, humans have been afflicted by parasitic worms, and eggs are readily detected in archaeological deposits. This study integrated parasitological and ancient DNA methods with a large sample set dating between Neolithic and Early Modern periods to explore the utility of molecular archaeoparasitology as a new approach to study the past. Molecular analyses provided unequivocal species-level parasite identification and revealed location-specific epidemiological signatures. Faecal–oral transmitted nematodes ( Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura ) were ubiquitous across time and space. By contrast, high numbers of food-associated cestodes ( Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia saginata ) were restricted to medieval Lübeck. The presence of these cestodes and changes in their prevalence at approximately 1300 CE indicate substantial alterations in diet or parasite availability. Trichuris trichiura ITS-1 sequences grouped into two clades; one ubiquitous and one restricted to medieval Lübeck and Bristol. The high sequence diversity of T.t .ITS-1 detected in Lübeck is consistent with its importance as a Hanseatic trading centre. Collectively, these results introduce molecular archaeoparasitology as an artefact-independent source of historical evidence.

scholarly journals Oceans of opportunity or rough seas? What does the future hold for developments in European marine policy?

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1980) ◽  
pp. 5682-5700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tavis Potts ◽  
Tim O'Higgins ◽  
Emily Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Public Involvement ◽  
Marine Policy ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Maritime Policy ◽  
Coastal Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
European Seas

The management of European seas is undergoing a process of major reform. In the past, oceans and coastal policy has traditionally evolved in a fragmented and uncoordinated manner, developed by different sector-based agencies and arms of government with competing aims and objectives. Recently, the call for integrated and ecosystem-based approaches has driven the conceptualization of a new approach. At the scale of Europe through the Integrated Maritime Policy and Marine Strategy Framework Directive and in national jurisdictions such as the Marine and Coastal Access Act in the United Kingdom, ecosystem-based planning is becoming the norm. There are major challenges to this process and this paper explores, in particular, the opportunities inherent in building truly integrated approaches that cross different sectors of activity, integrate across scales, incorporate public involvement and build a sense of oceans citizenship.

A New Approach to G1 Biarc Approximations for Making Smooth, Accurate, and Non-Gouged Profile Features Using CNC Contouring

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zezhong C. Chen ◽  
Xujing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Free Form ◽  
New Approach ◽  
B Spline ◽  
Tool Paths ◽  
The Past ◽  
Approximation Errors ◽  
The Individual

Extensive research on G1 biarcs fitting to free-form curves (i.e., Bezier, B-spline, and NURBS curves) has been conducted in the past decades for various purposes, including CNC contouring to make smooth, accurate profile features such as pockets, islands, and sides. However, all the proposed approaches only focused on the approximation errors and the biarc number, not on the radius of the individual fitting arc; so it could be smaller than the cutting tool, which would cause gouging during machining. This work, based on the tool radius pre-determined by the minimum size of the concavities of the design profile, proposes a new approach to approximating the profile with a G1 biarc curve in order to make smooth, accurate, and non-gouged profile features using CNC contouring. The significant new contribution of this work is a new mechanism that ensures all the concave arcs of the fitting curve are larger than the pre-determined tool and the fitting errors meet the specified tolerance. This approach can promote the use of G1 biarc tool paths in the manufacturing industry to make high precision profile features.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE IN CENTRAL OTAGO

1987 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
G.G. Cossens
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Resource Value ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Dominant Activity ◽  
Continental Climate

The variation and individuality of Central Otago result from a unique combination of climate and topography. The range and basin structures produce New Zealand's nearest approach to a "Continental" Climate, and on a yearly basis Central Otago can be one of the driest as well as one of the hottest and coldest areas in the country. There are two unique features. The first a dry central core wth horticulture as a dominant activity. The second is a high pastoral plateau, the East Otago Plateau, from 400 to 900 metres altitude, marking the Eastern boundary of Central Otago. The agricultural pattern is traditional but it is suggested there is scope for other non traditional crops. Of all the physical elements surveyed in the past, e.g. rock or soil type, slope or vegetation, there is frequently no reference to climate. However, the resource value of any locality draws from its particular local climate or "topoclimate". Climate when regarded as such requires a new approach to data gathering. Research in Central Otago aims to increase our knowledge of topoclimate on the valley floors and locate special microclimates suitable for possible and existing horticultural crops and at the same time remove some of the hazards. Keywords: topoclimate

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