scholarly journals Is foraging innovation lost following colonization of a less variable environment? A case study in surface‐ vs. cave‐dwelling Asellus aquaticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 5323-5331
Author(s):  
Gábor Herczeg ◽  
Viktória P. Hafenscher ◽  
Gergely Balázs ◽  
Žiga Fišer ◽  
Simona Kralj‐Fišer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asellus Aquaticus ◽  
Variable Environment

scholarly journals Quantitative Approaches to Italian / Dialect Family Interactions: Considerations of Methodology and Language Transmission in a Contact Situation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ghimenton
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Contact Situation

We present a case study of a child’s language development by analyzing production in both input and output. Our corpus comprises 35-hour tapings (90 000 tokens) of dyadic and multiparty interactions between Francesco, his parents and his extended family members who are from Veneto (Italy), while Francesco was 17-30 months old. In this region, two genetically related languages – Veneto dialect and Italian are spoken along a continuum and there are numerous zones of overlapping, blurring the borders of the languages in contact. We draw from a psycholinguistic approach to study the child’s development and from a sociolinguistic approach to include the observed contact phenomena in our research design. The aim of this study is two-fold. Firstly, we aim to understand how Francesco acquires his language(s) from a variable environment. Secondly, we aim to present a new methodological approach to quantitative studies conducted in contact situations. We discuss how the interplay of similarities (given the presence of cognates) and contrasts (the juxtaposition of Italian and Veneto in utterances) in the input may contribute to the maintenance of multilingualism in the younger generations’ repertoires.

Photosynthetic parameters and empirical modelling of primary production: a case study on the Antarctic Peninsula shelf

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Moline ◽  
Oscar Schofield ◽  
Nicolas P. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Empirical Modelling ◽  
Physical Forcing ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Palmer Station ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Simple Empirical Model

Eight hundred photosynthesis-irradiance relationships were determined in the shelf waters adjacent to Palmer Station, Antarctica during the spring/summer periods of 1991–94. Biomass specific maximum photosynthetic rate, PBmax, and the light limited photosynthetic efficiency, αB, were poorly correlated to the physical forcing and nutrient regimes at the sampling stations. The two photosynthetic parameters, however, did strongly covary indicating the minimum irradiance required to saturate photosynthesis, Ik, was relatively constant in this highly variable environment. The variability in Ik could partially be attributed to both depth in the water column and time of the year, with the highest values occurring for surface samples during the summer period of peak incident irradiance. Given this and the significant dependence of Pmax on phytoplankton biomass, a simple empirical model for primary productivity was developed. An independent test of the model was performed on data collected in a mesoscale offshore grid and predicted primary production was found to be within 13% of measured values. Although there are limitations to this approach (i.e. exclusion of diel periodicity in photosynthetic response), these results provide relatively robust estimates of daily primary production for the Southern Ocean.

Crop Production in a Variable Environment: A Case Study from Southern Zimbabwe

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Scoones
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Communal Area

SUMMARYBiophysical and socio-economic variability have several impacts on farmers' cropping strategies in dryland areas of Africa. This study examines data from a communal area in southern Zimbabwe over a seven year period. Variation in the output of different crops, in the pattern of crop mixes, in the diversity of cropping patterns and the level of crop sales is explored. Through contrasts between ecological zones and household wealth status, the analysis helps to explain the range of farm-level risk management strategies employed. Finally, the importance for research and extension approaches of understanding variability, through a differentiated analysis of cropping strategies, is emphasized.

scholarly journals Personnel management in the building industry

2014 ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Filip Bušina
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Personnel Management ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
The Difference

The aim of the text is to present various approaches towards personnel management in the building industry. The difference in the analysed approaches is partially caused by the fact that sectors within building industry also differ substantially. The paper is divided into five sections dealing among others with personnel management and its efficiency, tools used to measure and improve personnel management efficiency and characteristics of specific problems of personnel management. The principle methods of inquiry used in the text include literature study and case study. The author stresses the fact that construction industry is demanding in terms of personnel management, as it has to deal with special requirements stemming from employment area, including: the seasonal nature of the building works, spasmodic nature of works on individual projects, required qualification of workers in the building industry, building technology and system operations. The author concludes that due to constantly changing environment the building industry uses flexible personnel work systems and that the challenge is to adapt the personnel management system efficiency to the variable environment and make the building industry personnel management flexible.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

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