scholarly journals Contrasting patterns of density‐dependent selection at different life stages can create more than one fast–slow axis of life‐history variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3068-3078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wright ◽  
Erik Blystad Solbu ◽  
Steinar Engen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Slow Axis ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Density Dependent Selection

scholarly journals Frequency and Density-Dependent Selection on Life-History Strategies – A Field Experiment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Minna Koivula ◽  
Esa Koskela ◽  
Tuula A. Oksanen ◽  
Tiina Savolainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Density Dependent Selection

scholarly journals Multi-objective optimization shapes ecological variation

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1729) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Kaitaniemi ◽  
Annette Scheiner ◽  
Tero Klemola ◽  
Kai Ruohomäki
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Mechanistic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Underlying Causes

Ecological systems contain a huge amount of quantitative variation between and within species and locations, which makes it difficult to obtain unambiguous verification of theoretical predictions. Ordinary experiments consider just a few explanatory factors and are prone to providing oversimplified answers because they ignore the complexity of the factors that underlie variation. We used multi-objective optimization (MO) for a mechanistic analysis of the potential ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of variation in the life-history traits of a species of moth. Optimal life-history solutions were sought for environmental conditions where different life stages of the moth were subject to predation and other known fitness-reducing factors in a manner that was dependent on the duration of these life stages and on variable mortality rates. We found that multi-objective optimal solutions to these conditions that the moths regularly experience explained most of the life-history variation within this species. Our results demonstrate that variation can have a causal interpretation even for organisms under steady conditions. The results suggest that weather and species interactions can act as underlying causes of variation, and MO acts as a corresponding adaptive mechanism that maintains variation in the traits of organisms.

scholarly journals Life-history evolution under fluctuating density-dependent selection and the adaptive alignment of pace-of-life syndromes

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wright ◽  
Geir H. Bolstad ◽  
Yimen G. Araya-Ajoy ◽  
Niels J. Dingemanse
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Pace Of Life ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Density Dependent Selection

scholarly journals Density-dependent natural selection mediates harvest-induced trait changes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alix Bouffet-Halle ◽  
Jacques Mériguet ◽  
David Carmignac ◽  
Simon Agostini ◽  
Alexis Millot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Large Body Size ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Density Dependent Selection

ABSTRACTRapid life-history changes caused by size-selective harvesting are often interpreted as a response to direct harvest selection against a large body size. However, similar trait changes may result from a harvest-induced relaxation of natural selection for a large body size via density-dependent selection. Here, we show evidence of such density-dependent selection favouring large-bodied individuals at high population densities, in replicated pond populations of medaka fish. Harvesting, in contrast, selected medaka directly against large-bodied medaka and, in parallel, decreased medaka population densities. Five years of harvesting were enough for harvested and unharvested medaka populations to inherit the classically-predicted trait differences, whereby harvested medaka grew slower and matured earlier than unharvested medaka. We demonstrate that this life-history divergence was not driven by direct harvest selection for a smaller body size in harvested populations, but by density-dependent natural selection for a larger body size in unharvested populations.

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