scholarly journals Producing and scrounging can have stabilizing effects at multiple levels of organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2969-2978
Author(s):  
William L. Vickery
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Multiple Levels

scholarly journals Considering the role of ecology on individual differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Cabeza de Baca ◽  
Rafael Antonio Garcia ◽  
Michael Anthony Woodley of Menie ◽  
Aurelio José Figueredo
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Individual Differentiation ◽  
Strategic Differentiation ◽  
Integration Effort

AbstractOur commentary articulates some of the commonalities between Baumeister et al.'s theory of socially differentiated roles and Strategic Differentiation-Integration Effort. We expand upon the target article's position by arguing that differentiating social roles is contextual and driven by varying ecological pressures, producing character displacement not only among individuals within complex societies, but also across social systems and multiple levels of organization.

Empirical Research on Populations of Adaptive Individuals

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-153
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Organization Change ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Multiple Levels

This chapter studies how modeling supports empirical research. The benefit of integrating modeling and empirical research has long been recognized: theorists and modelers pose hypotheses that empirical researchers then design studies to test, and empirical research informs the development of new hypotheses. Such integration may be particularly valuable in frameworks that include multiple levels of organization, from individuals to populations to communities. But does working across levels of organization change the relationships of theory, modeling, and empirical research? What kinds of field and laboratory studies do we need, and at what levels of organization, to support modeling? The chapter assesses these questions. Thinking about the relation between modeling and empirical research requires one to address the entire process of model-based research, which is usefully characterized as a modeling cycle. The chapter then explores how the kind of modeling and theory development presented in this book can contribute to empirical studies and research.

Synthetic approaches to cognitive neuroscience

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Sporns
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Organizational Levels ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Cognition and behavior are the result of neural processes occurring at multiple levels of organization. Synthetic computational approaches are capable of bridging the gaps between multiple organizational levels and contribute to our understanding of how neural structures give rise to specific dynamical states. Such approaches are indispensable for formulating the theoretical foundations of cognitive neuroscience.

The Companion Modelling Approach: Dealing with Multiple Scales and Multiple Levels of Organization

2013 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
Raphaèle Ducrot ◽  
Aurélie Botta ◽  
Patrick d’Aquino ◽  
Martine Antona ◽  
Géraldine Abrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Modelling Approach

Structure-function relations in physiology education: Where’s the mechanism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Lira ◽  
Stephanie M. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Shed Light

Physiology demands systems thinking: reasoning within and between levels of biological organization and across different organ systems. Many physiological mechanisms explain how structures and their properties interact at one level of organization to produce emergent functions at a higher level of organization. Current physiology principles, such as structure-function relations, selectively neglect mechanisms by not mentioning this term explicitly. We explored how students characterized mechanisms and functions to shed light on how students make sense of these terms. Students characterized mechanisms as 1) processes that occur at levels of organization lower than that of functions; and 2) as detailed events with many steps involved. We also found that students produced more variability in how they characterized functions compared with mechanisms: students characterized functions in relation to multiple levels of organization and multiple definitions. We interpret these results as evidence that students see mechanisms as holding a more narrow definition than used in the biological sciences, and that students struggle to coordinate and distinguish mechanisms from functions due to cognitive processes germane to learning in many domains. We offer the instructional suggestion that we scaffold student learning by affording students opportunities to relate and also distinguish between these terms so central to understanding physiology.

scholarly journals Characterizing the interplay between multiple levels of organization within bacterial sigma factor regulatory networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qiu ◽  
Harish Nagarajan ◽  
Mallory Embree ◽  
Wendy Shieu ◽  
Elisa Abate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Multiple Levels
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