scholarly journals Will the climate of plant origins influence the chemical profiles of cuticular waxes on leaves of Leymus chinensis in a common garden experiment?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 543-556
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Xiangyang Hou ◽  
Xiaoting Li ◽  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Zinian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Chemical Profiles

scholarly journals Environment-Driven Adaptations of Leaf Cuticular Waxes Are Inheritable for Medicago ruthenica

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Qianlin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Alcohol ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Stress Modeling ◽  
Medicago Ruthenica

Cuticular waxes covering the plant surface play pivotal roles in helping plants adapt to changing environments. However, it is still not clear whether the responses of plant cuticular waxes to their growing environments are inheritable. We collected seeds of Medicago ruthenica (a perennial legume) populations from 30 growing sites in northern China and examined the variations of leaf cuticular waxes in a common garden experiment. Four wax genes, MrFAR3-1, MrFAR3-2, MrCER1, and MrKCS1, involved in biosynthesis of predominant wax classes (primary alcohol and alkane) and wax precursors, were isolated to test the contributions of genetic variations of the coding sequences (CDS) and the promoter sequences and epigenetic modifications. The plasticity responses of the cuticular waxes were further validated by two stress-modeling experiments (drought and enhancing ultraviolet B). Great variations in total wax coverage and abundance of wax classes or wax compounds were observed among M. ruthenica populations in a common garden experiment. Stress-modeling experiments further validated that M. ruthenica would alter leaf wax depositions under changed growing conditions. The transcriptional levels of the wax genes were positively or negatively correlated with amounts of cuticular waxes. However, the analysis of promoter methylation showed that the methylation level of the promoter region was not associated with their expressions. Although both promoter sequences and CDS showed a number of polymorphic sites, the promoters were not naturally selected and insignificant difference could be observed in the numbers and types of acting elements of the four wax genes among populations. In contrast, the CDS of the wax genes were naturally selected, with a number of missense mutations resulting in alterations of the amino acid as well as their isoelectric points and polarities, which could impact on enzyme function/activity. We conclude that long-term adaptation under certain environments would induce genetic mutation of wax biosynthesis genes, resulting in inheritable alterations of cuticular wax depositions.

Sex ratio and life history traits at reaching sexual maturity in the dioecious shrub Fuchsia parviflora: field and common garden experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Ambriz ◽  
Clementina González ◽  
Eduardo Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Fuchsia parviflora is a dioecious shrub that depends on biotic pollination for reproduction. Previous studies suggest that the male plants produce more flowers, and male-biased sex ratios have been found in some natural populations. To assess whether the biased sex ratios found between genders in natural populations are present at the point at which plants reach sexual maturity, and to identify possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction, we performed a common garden experiment. Finally, to complement the information of the common garden experiment, we estimated the reproductive biomass allocation between genders in one natural population. Sex ratios at reaching sexual maturity in F. parviflora did not differ from 0.5, except in one population, which was the smallest seedling population. We found no differences between genders in terms of the probability of germination or flowering. When flowering began, female plants were taller than males and the tallest plants of both genders required more time to reach sexual maturity. Males produced significantly more flowers than females, and the number of flowers increased with plant height in both genders. Finally, in the natural population studied, the investment in reproductive biomass was seven-fold greater in female plants than in male plants. Our results showed no evidence of possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Despite the fact that female plants invest more in reproductive biomass, they were taller than the males after flowering, possibly at the expense of herbivory defence.

scholarly journals A common garden experiment examining light use efficiency and heat sum to explain growth differences in native and exotic Pinus taeda

2018 ◽  
Vol 425 ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Albaugh ◽  
Thomas R. Fox ◽  
Chris A. Maier ◽  
Otávio C. Campoe ◽  
Rafael A. Rubilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Differences

scholarly journals Light and propagule pressure affect invasion intensity of Prunus serotina in a 14-tree species forest common garden experiment

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Paweł Horodecki ◽  
Kathleen S. Knight ◽  
Katarzyna Rawlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
The Impact

Experiments testing multiple factors that affect the rate of invasions in forests are scarce. We aimed to assess how the biomass of invasive Prunusserotina changed over eight years and how this change was affected by light availability, tree stand growth, and propagule pressure. The study was conducted in Siemianice Experimental Forest (W Poland), a common garden forest experiment with 14 tree species. We investigated aboveground biomass and density of P.serotina within 53 experimental plots with initial measurements in 2005 and repeated in 2013. We also measured light availability and distance from seed sources. We used generalized additive models to assess the impact of particular predictors on P.serotina biomass in 2013 and its relative change over eight years. The relative biomass increments of P.serotina ranged from 0 to 22,000-fold. The success of P.serotina, expressed as aboveground biomass and biomass increment, varied among different tree species stands, but was greater under conifers. Total biomass of P.serotina depended on light and propagule availability while biomass increment depended on the change in tree stand biomass, a metric corresponding to tree stand maturation. Our study quantified the range of invasion intensity, expressed as biomass increment, in a forest common garden experiment with 14 tree species. Canopy cover was the most important variable to reduce susceptibility to invasion by P.serotina. Even a modest decrease of overstory biomass, e.g. caused by dieback of coniferous species, may be risky in areas with high propagule pressure from invasive tree species. Thus, P.serotina control may include maintaining high canopy closure and supporting natural regeneration of tree species with high leaf area index, which shade the understory.

Mainland and Island Populations of Coccothrinax argentata (Arecaceae): Revisiting a Common Garden Experiment in its 18th Year

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Scott Zona ◽  
Michael Hass ◽  
Michaela Fickerová ◽  
Sandra Mardonovich ◽  
Kim Sanderford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Island Populations

Morphological and physiological differences among cultivation lines of Undaria pinnatifida in a common garden experiment using a tank culture system

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 2287-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Sato ◽  
Tomonari Hirano ◽  
Hiroyuki Ichida ◽  
Motoko Murakami ◽  
Nobuhisa Fukunishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Undaria Pinnatifida ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Tank Culture ◽  
Physiological Differences

The Growth and Development of Five Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Populations in a Common Garden

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Heneghan ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Seed Yields

Waterhemp is a weed indigenous to the midwestern United States and is problematic in agronomic crop production. This weed is well suited to inhabit minimally tilled environments and is increasing in prevalence across many agricultural production areas and systems. A common garden experiment was established in Indiana in 2014 and 2015 with waterhemp populations from Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska to compare the growth and development of waterhemp from these regions. Three establishment dates (May, June, and July) were used each year to simulate discontinuous germination. Mean biomass accumulations from the May (1,120 g plant−1) and June (1,069 g plant−1) establishment dates were higher than from the July (266 g plant−1) establishment date. There were no differences in biomass accumulations between the five populations in the May and June establishments, but biomass accumulations ranged from 195 to 338 g plant−1in the July establishment. Mean seed yields were higher from the May (926,629 seeds plant−1) and June (828,905 seeds plant−1) establishment dates compared with the July (276,258 seeds plant−1) establishment. In the May and June establishments, seed yields ranged from 469,939 seeds plant−1to 1,285,556 seeds plant−1. The Illinois population flowered the latest of all the populations yet also grew the tallest. The July establishment flowered the most rapidly after establishment, accumulated less biomass, and also had the largest seeds. This study demonstrated differences among waterhemp populations when grown in a common environment and the effect of establishment timing on waterhemp growth and development.

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