scholarly journals Invasive Phragmites australis management outcomes and native plant recovery are context dependent

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 13835-13849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine B. Rohal ◽  
Chad Cranney ◽  
Eric L. G. Hazelton ◽  
Karin M. Kettenring
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Recovery ◽  
Context Dependent

scholarly journals Native Plant Recovery following Three Years of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Zimmerman ◽  
Rebecca R. Shirer ◽  
Jeffrey D. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Native Plant Community

AbstractProjects that aim to control invasive species often assume that a reduction of the target species will increase native species abundance. However, reports of the responses of native species following exotic species control are relatively rare. We assessed the recovery of the native community in five tidal wetland locations in which we attempted to eradicate the invasive common reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.]. We tested whether 3 yr of treatment were able to eradicate Phragmites and promote recovery of the native plant community. After 3 yr of treatment, Phragmites density declined sharply in all treated stands, though it was not eradicated in any of them. Native plant cover increased significantly in treated areas, and community composition, particularly in smaller stands, converged toward that of uninvaded habitat. Thus, even within the relatively short timescale of the treatments and monitoring, significant progress was made toward achieving the goals of controlling Phragmites infestations and promoting native biodiversity. There was a trend toward greater promise for success in smaller stands than larger stands, as has been observed in other studies. A greater emphasis on monitoring whole-community responses to exotic plant control, across a range of conditions, would enhance our ability to plan and design successful management strategies.

Managing Remnant and Reemerging Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Infestations to Improve Treatment Efficacy and Mitigate Damage to Native Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Breen ◽  
Stephen D. Bailey ◽  
Helen A. Violi
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Litter Removal ◽  
Mechanical Cutting ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Assateague Island ◽  
Herbicide Use

AbstractFollowing large-scale herbicide spraying and burning on Assateague Island, a barrier bar island located in Maryland and Virginia, the invasive common reed (Phragmites australis) was largely reduced from vast monocultures to less dense patches interspersed within maritime shrublands. To improve the control of these remnant/reemerging infestations and limit further nontarget damage, we tested three new treatments: mechanical cutting followed by dripping imazapyr onto stems, cutting followed 2 wk later by the foliar spraying of regrowth, and simple cutting with and without the removal of Phragmites litter. All herbicide treatments and cutting paired with litter removal significantly reduced Phragmites coverage (P ≤ 0.01) when compared with untreated controls. Native plant coverage was significantly greater after the cut-stem treatment than after traditional foliar spraying (P ≤ 0.01) because of the former's reduced herbicide use and more direct contact limited to Phragmites stems; native coverage was also greater after litter removal than when litter remained (P ≤ 0.001). Cutting followed by stem applications of herbicide is an effective means of treating scattered common reed stands in sensitive habitats, and litter removal after cutting can provide native vegetation with an advantage at recolonization.

scholarly journals Native Plant Recovery in Study Plots After Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Control on Santa Cruz Island

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Power ◽  
Thomas Stanley ◽  
Clark Cowan ◽  
James R. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Native Plant ◽  
Santa Cruz Island ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Recovery

scholarly journals A review of the ecological effects of European Common Reed (Phragmites australis) on fishes and fish habitat in North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emillie Elizabeth Rose
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Native Fishes

The invasive European Common Reed (Phragmites australis), first established in North America in the early 1900’s, is now a dominant emergent aquatic plant in many coastal and inland wetlands. A review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the extent of ecological impacts on fishes and their habitat, such as changes in the composition and abundance of native fishes and wetland plants, and alterations to water availability and substrate. The review indicated that a reduction in the abundance of native fishes was common (54.54% of studies), as were impacts to fish habitat (e.g., 54.54% of studies documented a change in wetland plant composition). Many studies were conducted in the eastern and northern United States, which showed that the abundance of juvenile and larval fishes was significantly lower in marshes dominated by P. australis, relative to those dominated by native plant species (Spartina alterniflora); however, changes to wetland plant abundance and composition, water availability, water temperature, nutrient cycling, substrate, reproduction and spawning, genetics of native fishes, and general food web effects were also observed. These results indicate that P. australis poses numerous ecological impacts to the structure and function of wetland habitats, with implications for the ongoing productivity of aquatic ecosystems. 

scholarly journals Examining the Potential of Forest Residue-Based Amendments for Post-Wildfire Rehabilitation in Colorado, USA

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Rhoades ◽  
Kerri L. Minatre ◽  
Derek N. Pierson ◽  
Timothy S. Fegel ◽  
M. Francesca Cotrufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Recovery ◽  
Forest Residue ◽  
Wood Mulch

Wildfire is a natural disturbance, though elemental losses and changes that occur during combustion and post-fire erosion can have long-term impacts on soil properties, ecosystem productivity, and watershed condition. Here we evaluate the potential of forest residue-based materials to rehabilitate burned soils. We compare soil nutrient and water availability, and plant recovery after application of 37 t ha−1of wood mulch, 20 t ha−1of biochar, and the combination of the two amendments with untreated, burned soils. We also conducted a greenhouse trial to examine how biochar influenced soil nutrient and water content under two wetting regimes. The effects of wood mulch on plant-available soil N and water content were significant and seasonally consistent during the three-year field study. Biochar applied alone had few effects under field conditions, but significantly increased soil pH, Ca, P, and water in the greenhouse. The mulched biochar treatment had the greatest effects on soil N and water availability and increased cover of the most abundant native plant. We found that rehabilitation treatments consisting of forest residue-based products have potential to enhance soil N and water dynamics and plant recovery following severe wildfire and may be justified where erosion risk or water supply protection are crucial.

Forming Impressions of Personality

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Nauts ◽  
Oliver Langner ◽  
Inge Huijsmans ◽  
Roos Vonk ◽  
Daniël H. J. Wigboldus
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Context Dependent

Asch’s seminal research on “Forming Impressions of Personality” (1946) has widely been cited as providing evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect, suggesting that warmth-related judgments have a stronger influence on impressions of personality than competence-related judgments (e.g., Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007 ; Wojciszke, 2005 ). Because this effect does not fit with Asch’s Gestalt-view on impression formation and does not readily follow from the data presented in his original paper, the goal of the present study was to critically examine and replicate the studies of Asch’s paper that are most relevant to the primacy-of-warmth effect. We found no evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect. Instead, the role of warmth was highly context-dependent, and competence was at least as important in shaping impressions as warmth.

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