scholarly journals Persistence of balsam fir and black spruce populations in the mixedwood and coniferous bioclimatic domain of eastern North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 5118-5132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassine Messaoud ◽  
Venceslas Goudiaby ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Eastern North America

CO2 fluxes of a boreal black spruce chronosequence in eastern North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 94-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier ◽  
Carole Coursolle ◽  
Hank A. Margolis ◽  
Marc-André Giasson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Co2 Fluxes

NEW INFORMATION CONCERNING BALSAM FIR DECAYS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Basham ◽  
P. V. Mook ◽  
A. G. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
New Information

Four separate investigations of decay in balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) have been carried out in recent years by forest pathologists in Eastern North America. Early in these studies it became apparent that the existing ideas concerning the identity of the fungi responsible for decay in living balsam fir trees required considerable revision. Trunk rot was confirmed as being caused mainly by Stereum sanguinolentum Alb. and Schw. ex Fries; however, five fungi, headed by Corticium galactinum (Fries) Burt, were found associated with most of the white stringy butt rots, and two fungi, Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fries) Karst. and Polyporus balsameus Peck, were associated with most of the brown cubical butt rots. Hitherto Poria subacida (Peck) Sacc. and P. balsameus were believed to cause practically all white and brown butt rots, respectively, in this species. The effect of site on the decay of living balsam fir is discussed, as is the extent and kind of decay with which each of the nine predominant heart-rot fungi was found associated. A brief outline is presented concerning the fungi found associated with the deterioration of dead balsam fir.

scholarly journals Are marginal balsam fir and eastern white cedar stands relics from once more extensive populations in north-eastern North America?

The Holocene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1672-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed Nego Jules ◽  
Hugo Asselin ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Adam A Ali
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Eastern White Cedar

Marginal stands of balsam fir ( Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) and eastern white cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.) are found north of their limits of continuous distribution in eastern North America. Regional-scale paleoecological studies have suggested that fir and cedar populations could have had larger extents in the past. This study aimed at verifying this hypothesis at the local scale. Wood charcoal fragments were collected from the soils of two marginal fir and cedar stands as well as from 15 sites in the surrounding forest matrix where the species are absent currently. Anatomical identification and radiocarbon-dating showed that fir was more extensive in the study area until about 680 cal. BP, representing up to 31% of the charcoal assemblages at sites where it is currently absent. The evidence is less conclusive for cedar, however, although some of the charcoal fragments from the matrix sites could have been either fir or cedar (undistinguishable). Most of the dated fir/cedar charcoal in the matrix were from the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (ca. 1000 cal. BP), suggesting contraction may have occurred at that time. Marginal fir – and possibly cedar – stands are thus relics of once more extensive populations. Fire is likely the main factor having contributed to the contraction of the species’ distributions. Fir and cedar are now relegated to areas where fires are less frequent and severe, such as the shores of lakes and rivers.

Production and Distribution of Balsam Fir Lumber in Eastern North America

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Steven A. Sinclair ◽  
Robert L. Govett
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Production Problem ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Softwood Species

A total of 819 North American sawmills were surveyed concerning their production and distribution of balsam fir lumber. Seventy-one mills reported a total annual production of 275 million board feet (648 585 m3) of balsam fir lumber. The larger mills of eastern Canada represented 72% of this total. Canadian and large eastern US sawmills used middlemen heavily in marketing their softwood lumber while the remaining US sawmills used direct selling and captive retail yards as primary market channels. The only major production problem reported was the longer drying time needed for balsam fir lumber when compared to other northern softwood species.

scholarly journals Root Rot of Black Spruce Caused by Cylindrocladium canadense in Eastern North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vujanovic ◽  
M. St-Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Fungal Suspension

During October 2002, symptoms of root rot of black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., were observed in the St-Modeste (47°46′N, 69°36′W) conifer nursery (400 km northeast of Montreal, Quebec, Canada). Disease severity was low in the greenhouse-produced mother plants and 1-year-old seedlings and moderate in field-grown 2- and 3-year-old seedlings. A species of Cylindrocladium was isolated on potato dextrose agar from 12 symptomatic seedlings from the greenhouse and 12 from the field. The isolates produced chestnut-colored colonies and chlamydospores, both of which were typical of C. canadense Kang, Crous & Schoch (2). DNA was extracted from representative isolates (MTF 101, MTF 102), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rDNA gene was amplified and sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. AY705980 and AY705981). There was a 99% match with a sequence of C. canadense (GenBank Accession No. AF348256). However, there was approximately 10% divergence with the ITS sequence of C. floridanum (GenBank Accession No AF307343). MTF101 and MTF102 were pathogenic on black spruce seedlings when fungal suspension (106 CFU/ml) was added to germinating seeds in petri plates or infiltrated into roots of 2-week-old seedlings growing in sterilized, moist, sandy soil in the greenhouse. Within 3 weeks, inoculated seedlings exhibited typical root necrosis, while control seedlings were symptomless. C. canadense was reisolated only from symptomatic seedlings. The occurrence of C. canadense in eastern North America has significant implications for forestry regeneration. Previously, only C. floridanum had been reported as pathogenic in the St-Modeste nursery and in eastern North America(1). References: (1) R. C. Hamelin et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:4026, 1996. (2) J. C. Kang et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 24:206, 2001.

scholarly journals Forest floor carbon exchange of a boreal black spruce forest in eastern North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1849-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bergeron ◽  
H. A. Margolis ◽  
C. Coursolle
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Spruce Forest

Abstract. This study reports continuous automated measurements of forest floor carbon (C) exchange over feathermoss, lichen, and sphagnum micro-sites in a black spruce forest in eastern North America during snow-free periods over three years. The response of soil respiration (Rs-auto) and forest floor photosynthesis (Pff) to environmental factors was determined. The seasonal contributions of scaled up Rs-auto adjusted for spatial representativeness (Rs-adj) and Pff (Pff-eco) relative to that of total ecosystem respiration (Re) and photosynthesis (Peco), respectively, were also quantified. Shallow (5 cm) soil temperature explained 67–86% of the variation in Rs-auto for all ground cover types, while deeper (50 and 100 cm) soil temperatures were related to Rs-auto only for the feathermoss micro-sites. Base respiration was consistently lower under feathermoss, intermediate under sphagnum, and higher under lichen during all three years. The Rs-adj/Re ratio increased from spring through autumn and ranged from 0.85 to 0.87 annually for the snow-free period. The Rs-adj/Re ratio was negatively correlated with the difference between air and shallow soil temperature and this correlation was more pronounced in autumn than summer and spring. Maximum photosynthetic capacity of the forest floor (Pff-max) saturated at low irradiance levels (~200 μmol m−2 s−1) and decreased with increasing air temperature and vapor pressure deficit for all three ground cover types, suggesting that Pff was more limited by desiccation than by light availability. Pff-max was lowest for sphagnum, intermediate for feathermoss, and highest for lichen for two of the three years. Pff normalized for light peaked at air temperatures of 5–8°C, suggesting that this is the optimal temperature range for Pff. The Pff-eco/Peco ratio varied from 13 to 24% over the snow-free period and reached a minimum in mid-summer when both air temperature and Peco were at their maximum. On an annual basis, Pff-eco accounted for 17–18% of Peco depending on the year and the snow-free season totals of Pff-eco were 23–24% that of Rs-adj.

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