scholarly journals Variable effects on growth and defense traits for plant ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity along elevation gradients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3740-3755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moe Bakhtiari ◽  
Ludovico Formenti ◽  
Veronica Caggìa ◽  
Gaëtan Glauser ◽  
Sergio Rasmann
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation

scholarly journals Variable Effects on Growth and Defence Traits for Plant Ecotypic Differentiation and Phenotypic Plasticity along Elevation Gradients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moe Bakhtiari ◽  
Ludovico Formenti ◽  
Veronica Caggía ◽  
Gaëtan Glauser ◽  
Sergio Rasmann
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Indole Glucosinolates ◽  
Common Gardens ◽  
Cardamine Pratensis ◽  
Differential Contribution

AbstractAlong ecological gradients, ecotypes generally evolve as the result of local adaptation to a specific environment to maximize organisms’ fitness. Alongside ecotypic differentiation, phenotypic plasticity, as the ability of a single genotype to produce different phenotypes under different environmental conditions, can also evolve for favouring increased organisms’ performance in different environments. Currently, there is a lack in our understanding of how varying habitats may contribute to the differential contribution of ecotypic differentiation and plasticity in growth versus defence traits. Using reciprocal transplant-common gardens along steep elevation gradients, we evaluated patterns of ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of two coexisting but unrelated plant species, Cardamine pratensis and Plantago major. For both species, we observed ecotypic differentiation accompanied by plasticity in growth related traits. Plants grew faster and produced more biomass when placed at low elevation. In contrast, we observed fixed ecotypic differentiation for defence and resistance traits. Generally, low elevation ecotypes produced higher chemical defences regardless of the growing elevation. Yet, some plasticity was observed for specific compounds, such as indole glucosinolates. We speculate that ecotypic differentiation in defence traits is maintained by costs of chemical defence production, while plasticity in growth traits is regulated by temperature driven growth response maximization.

scholarly journals Ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity combine to enhance the invasiveness of the most widespread daisy in Chile, Leontodon saxatilis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Martín-Forés ◽  
Marta Avilés ◽  
Belén Acosta-Gallo ◽  
Martin F. Breed ◽  
Alejandro del Pozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity versus ecotypic differentiation under recurrent summer drought in two drought‐tolerant pine species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Bachofen ◽  
Anouchka Perret‐Gentil ◽  
Thomas Wohlgemuth ◽  
Pierre Vollenweider ◽  
Barbara Moser
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Pine Species

Ecology and biogeography in the introduction to “De bestiis marinis” by Georg Wilhelm Steller

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stefano Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Modern Biology

The rediscovery of the original, unedited Latin manuscript of Georg Wilhelm Steller's “De bestiis marinis” (“On marine mammals”), first published in 1751, calls for a new translation into English. The main part of the treatise contains detailed descriptions of four marine mammals, but the introduction is devoted to more general issues, including innovative speculation on morphology, ecology and biogeography, anticipating arguments and concepts of modern biology. Steller noted early that climate and food have a direct influence on body size, pelage and functional traits of mammals, potentially affecting reversible changes (phenotypic plasticity). Feeding and other behavioural habits have an impact on the geographical distribution of mammals. Species with a broad diet tend to have a wide distribution, whereas animals with a narrow diet more likely have only a restricted range. According to Steller, both sea and land then still concealed countless animals unknown to science.

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