scholarly journals The effect of isolation, fragmentation, and population bottlenecks on song structure of a Hawaiian honeycreeper

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Pang-Ching ◽  
Kristina L. Paxton ◽  
Eben H. Paxton ◽  
Adam A. Pack ◽  
Patrick J. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Song Structure

Inbreeding reduces reproductive fitness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Risk Of Extinction ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

The harmful impacts of inbreeding are generally greater in species that naturally outbreed compared to those in inbreeding species, greater in stressful than benign environments, greater for fitness than peripheral traits, and greater for total fitness compared to its individual components. Inbreeding reduces survival and reproduction (i.e., it causes inbreeding depression), and thereby increases the risk of extinction. Inbreeding depression is due to increased homozygosity for harmful alleles and at loci exhibiting heterozygote advantage. Natural selection may remove (purge) the alleles that cause inbreeding depression, especially following inbreeding or population bottlenecks, but it has limited effects in small populations and usually does not completely eliminate inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression is nearly universal in sexually reproducing organisms that are diploid or have higher ploidies.

scholarly journals A Genealogical Interpretation of Linkage Disequilibrium

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilean A T McVean
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
Demographic Models ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Direct Correspondence ◽  
Coalescence Times

Abstract The degree of association between alleles at different loci, or linkage disequilibrium, is widely used to infer details of evolutionary processes. Here I explore how associations between alleles relate to properties of the underlying genealogy of sequences. Under the neutral, infinite-sites assumption I show that there is a direct correspondence between the covariance in coalescence times at different parts of the genome and the degree of linkage disequilibrium. These covariances can be calculated exactly under the standard neutral model and by Monte Carlo simulation under different demographic models. I show that the effects of population growth, population bottlenecks, and population structure on linkage disequilibrium can be described through their effects on the covariance in coalescence times.

scholarly journals Evidence for recent population bottlenecks in northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina)

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chris Funk ◽  
Eric D. Forsman ◽  
Matthew Johnson ◽  
Thomas D. Mullins ◽  
Susan M. Haig
Keyword(s):  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Strix Occidentalis ◽  
Spotted Owls ◽  
Strix Occidentalis Caurina ◽  
Northern Spotted Owls
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