scholarly journals Stress from cold and drought as drivers of functional trait spectra in North American angiosperm tree assemblages

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 7548-7559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Šímová ◽  
Marta Rueda ◽  
Bradford A. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Tree Assemblages

scholarly journals Shifts in trait means and variances in North American tree assemblages: species richness patterns are loosely related to the functional space

Ecography ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 649-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Šímová ◽  
Cyrille Violle ◽  
Nathan J. B. Kraft ◽  
David Storch ◽  
Jens-Christian Svenning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
North American ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Richness Patterns ◽  
Tree Assemblages

Adaptation of the Connected Speech Test: Rerecording and Passage Equivalency

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan K. Saleh ◽  
Paula Folkeard ◽  
Ewan Macpherson ◽  
Susan Scollie
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
North American ◽  
First Language ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Speech Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Unit Standard

Purpose The original Connected Speech Test (CST; Cox et al., 1987) is a well-regarded and often utilized speech perception test. The aim of this study was to develop a new version of the CST using a neutral North American accent and to assess the use of this updated CST on participants with normal hearing. Method A female English speaker was recruited to read the original CST passages, which were recorded as the new CST stimuli. A study was designed to assess the newly recorded CST passages' equivalence and conduct normalization. The study included 19 Western University students (11 females and eight males) with normal hearing and with English as a first language. Results Raw scores for the 48 tested passages were converted to rationalized arcsine units, and average passage scores more than 1 rationalized arcsine unit standard deviation from the mean were excluded. The internal reliability of the 32 remaining passages was assessed, and the two-way random effects intraclass correlation was .944. Conclusion The aim of our study was to create new CST stimuli with a more general North American accent in order to minimize accent effects on the speech perception scores. The study resulted in 32 passages of equivalent difficulty for listeners with normal hearing.

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