scholarly journals Disruptive natural selection predicts divergence between the sexes during adaptive radiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3590-3601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. De Lisle ◽  
Locke Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Disruptive Natural Selection

scholarly journals Untangling the Mathematical Relation Between Natural Selection and Adaptive Radiation Using Macromolecules and Microevolutionary Forces

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-339
Author(s):  
Bharat Kwatra ◽  
Maanvi Mudgil
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Mathematical Relation

Simulating natural selection over subsequent generations of Oniscus asellus, the fittest selected male and female bugs in different diet was used to analyze the concentration of proteins in their body along their frequency in continuous mapped generations over hundred seed values, further DNA Fingerprinting of these selected bugs revealed a relationship with their parents originated from different geographic areas/borders. It was observed that variation in microevolutionary forces caused variation in macromolecules by setting up a gene-environment interaction which deduced natural selection in order to define adaptive radiation and speciation by micro-evolutionary forces.

scholarly journals Evolution of genetic variance during adaptive radiation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg M. Walter ◽  
J. David Aguirre ◽  
Mark W. Blows ◽  
Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Divergent Natural Selection ◽  
Rapid Divergence

AbstractGenetic correlations between traits can bias adaptation away from optimal phenotypes and constrain the rate of evolution. If genetic correlations between traits limit adaptation to contrasting environments, rapid adaptive divergence across a heterogeneous landscape may be difficult. However, if genetic variance can evolve and align with the direction of natural selection, then abundant allelic variation can promote rapid divergence during adaptive radiation. Here, we explored adaptive divergence among ecotypes of an Australian native wildflower by quantifying divergence in multivariate phenotypes of populations that occupy four contrasting environments. We investigated differences in multivariate genetic variance underlying morphological traits and examined the alignment between divergence in phenotype and divergence in genetic variance. We found that divergence in mean multivariate phenotype has occurred along two major axes represented by different combinations of plant architecture and leaf traits. Ecotypes also showed divergence in the level of genetic variance in individual traits, and the multivariate distribution of genetic variance among traits. Divergence in multivariate phenotypic mean aligned with divergence in genetic variance, with most of the divergence in phenotype among ecotypes associated with a change in trait combinations that had substantial levels of genetic variance in each ecotype. Overall, our results suggest that divergent natural selection acting on high levels of standing genetic variation might fuel ecotypic differentiation during the early stages of adaptive radiation.

The Origin of Specious: misunderstandings about Patrick Matthew’s evolutionary thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-715
Author(s):  
J F Derry ◽  
Joachim L Dagg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Species Problem

Abstract Many ambiguities in Patrick Matthew’s evolutionary ideas can be resolved upon rejecting the presumption that his mechanism was identical to Darwin’s. This presumption has led to two ingrained interpretations which we show are false. First, competitive natural selection plays no role in Matthew’s lineage splitting. On the contrary, it is absent during his comparably short phases of adaptive radiation occurring after catastrophes. Catastrophes eliminate competition, and the competitive vacuum pulls the surviving species apart and unleashes their indwelling variational force. Separate populations adapt to new circumstances through variation and non-competitive survival. Second, competitive natural selection does not drive Matthew’s lineage adaptation either. When it is active, during the comparably long phases of conformity that follow adaptive radiation, the environment directly leads the system towards adaptation. Lineages adapt to changing circumstances but do not split. Interpreting Matthew’s statements accordingly makes sense of his evolutionary thinking that seemed obscure for over a century, especially his statements about the fixity of species and the species problem.

scholarly journals Maintenance of a Genetic Polymorphism with Disruptive Natural Selection in Stickleback

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1289-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry B. Marchinko ◽  
Blake Matthews ◽  
Matthew E. Arnegard ◽  
Sean M. Rogers ◽  
Dolph Schluter
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Disruptive Natural Selection

scholarly journals Convergent evolution of ‘creepers’ in the Hawaiian honeycreeper radiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M Reding ◽  
Jeffrey T Foster ◽  
Helen F James ◽  
H. Douglas Pratt ◽  
Robert C Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Hawaiian Honeycreepers ◽  
Mtdna Introgression

Natural selection plays a fundamental role in the ecological theory of adaptive radiation. A prediction of this theory is the convergent evolution of traits in lineages experiencing similar environments. The Hawaiian honeycreepers are a spectacular example of adaptive radiation and may demonstrate convergence, but uncertainty about phylogenetic relationships within the group has made it difficult to assess such evolutionary patterns. We examine the phylogenetic relationships of the Hawaii creeper ( Oreomystis mana ), a bird that in a suite of morphological, ecological and behavioural traits closely resembles the Kauai creeper ( Oreomystis bairdi ), but whose mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and osteology suggest a relationship with the amakihis ( Hemignathus in part) and akepas ( Loxops ). We analysed nuclear DNA sequence data from 11 relevant honeycreeper taxa and one outgroup to test whether the character contradiction results from historical hybridization and mtDNA introgression, or convergent evolution. We found no evidence of past hybridization, a phenomenon that remains undocumented in Hawaiian honeycreepers, and confirmed mtDNA and osteological evidence that the Hawaii creeper is most closely related to the amakihis and akepas. Thus, the morphological, ecological and behavioural similarities between the evolutionarily distant Hawaii and Kauai creepers represent an extreme example of convergent evolution and demonstrate how natural selection can lead to repeatable evolutionary outcomes.

scholarly journals Natural selection in the origin: how does selection act on snails’ shell colour in the source of a diversified population?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Ito ◽  
Takahiro Hirano ◽  
Satoshi Chiba ◽  
Junji Konuma
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Apodemus Speciosus ◽  
Divergent Natural Selection ◽  
Trail Camera ◽  
Phenotypic Diversification

The mechanisms of adaptive radiation with phenotypic diversification and further adaptive speciation have been becoming clearer through a number of studies. Natural selection is one of the primary factors that contribute to these mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that divergent natural selection acts on a certain trait in adaptive radiation. However, it is not often known how natural selection acts on the source of a diversified population, although it has been detected in phylogenetic studies. Our study demonstrates how selection acts on a trait in a source population of diversified population using the Japanese land snail Euhadra peliomphala simodae. This snail’s shell colour has diversified due to disruptive selection after migration from the mainland to islands. We used trail-camera traps to identify the cause of natural selection on both the mainland and an island. We then conducted a mark-recapture experiment on the mainland to detect natural selection and compare the shape and strength of it to previous study in an island. In total, we captured and marked around 1,700 snails, and some of them were preyed on by an unknown predator. The trail-camera traps showed that the predator is the large Japanese field mouse Apodemus speciosus, but this predation did not correlate with shell colour. A Bayesian approach showed that the stabilising selection from factors other than predation acted on shell colour. Our results suggest that natural selection was changed by migration, which could explain the ultimate cause of phenotypic diversification in adaptive radiation that was not due to predation.

Adaptation and adaptive radiation

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-243
Author(s):  
Geoffrey E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Adaptive Radiations ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection

A key outcome of evolution by natural selection is adaptation. Since the beginning of the age of genetics, evolutionary biologists have focused on the evolution of nuclear genes as the basis for adaptation. Changes to the mitochondrial genome were long viewed as the result of drift and unimportant to organism fitness. New theory and empirical observations, however, are implicating changes in mitochondrial function as a central component of adaptation related to temperature, oxygen pressure, and diet. Novel mitochondrial function underlying adaptive evolution is a product of interacting mitochondrial and nuclear genes to create changes to the electron transport system, and variation in mitochondrial genotypes has been found to play a key role in such adaptive evolution of eukaryotes. Evidence is emerging that changes in mitochondrial function resulting from mitonuclear coevolution underlie key evolutionary innovations associated with major adaptive radiations including the transition from terrestrial locomotion to flight. I discuss the empirical evidence that supports a key role for mitonuclear coevolution in adaptation and adaptive radiation and the implications for fundamental ideas in ecology and evolution.

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