scholarly journals Capture efficiency and trophic adaptations of a specialist and generalist predator: A comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2756-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Michálek ◽  
Lenka Petráková ◽  
Stano Pekár
Keyword(s):  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Trophic Adaptations

scholarly journals Small rodent cycles influence interactions among predators in a boreal forest ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-593
Author(s):  
Rocío Cano-Martínez ◽  
David Carricondo-Sanchez ◽  
Olivier Devineau ◽  
Morten Odden
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Pine Marten ◽  
Mustela Nivalis ◽  
Rodent Abundance

AbstractCyclic fluctuations of prey have profound effects on the functioning of ecosystems, for example, by changing the dynamics, behavior, and intraguild interactions of predators. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of rodent cyclic fluctuations in the interspecific interactions of a guild of small- and medium-sized predators: red fox (Vulpes vulpes), pine marten (Martes martes), and weasels (Mustela erminea and Mustela nivalis) in the boreal ecosystem. We analyzed eight years (2007–2014) of snow tracking data from southeastern Norway using structural equation models to assess hypothesized networks of causal relationships. Our results show that fluctuations in rodent abundance alter the strength of predator’s interactions, as well as the effect of determinant environmental variables. Pine marten and weasel abundances were positively associated with rodent population growth rate, but not red fox abundance. All predators were positively associated with each other; however, the association between red fox and the other predators weakened when rodents increased. Rodent fluctuations had variable effects on the habitat use of the predators. The presence of agricultural land was important for all predators, but this importance weakened for the mustelids as rodent abundance increased. We discuss the shifting role of interference and exploitative competition as possible mechanisms behind these patterns. Overall, we highlight the importance of accounting for the dynamics of prey resources when studying interspecific interactions among predators. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of monitoring the predator populations in order to anticipate undesirable outcomes such as increased generalist predator abundances to the detriment of specialists.

scholarly journals A Numerical Study of the Effect of Particle Size on Particle Deposition on Turbine Vanes and Blades

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 168781402110178
Author(s):  
Zhengang Liu ◽  
Weinan Diao ◽  
Zhenxia Liu ◽  
Fei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Stokes Number ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Particle Capture ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pressure Surface ◽  
Deposition Area ◽  
Turbine Vanes

Particle deposition could decrease the aerodynamic performance and cooling efficiency of turbine vanes and blades. The particle motion in the flow and its temperature are two important factors affecting its deposition. The size of the particle influences both its motion and temperature. In this study, the motion of particles with the sizes from 1 to 20 μm in the first stage of a turbine are firstly numerically simulated with the steady method, then the particle deposition on the vanes and blades are numerically simulated with the unsteady method based on the critical viscosity model. It is discovered that the particle deposition on vanes mainly formed near the leading and trailing edge on the pressure surface, and the deposition area expands slowly to the whole pressure surface with the particle size increasing. For the particle deposition on blades, the deposition area moves from the entire pressure surface toward the tip with the particle size increasing due to the effect of rotation. For vanes, the particle capture efficiency increases with the particle size increasing since Stokes number and temperature of the particle both increase with its size. For blades, the particle capture efficiency increases firstly and then decreases with the particle size increasing.

scholarly journals Tannic acid-functionalized HEPA filter materials for influenza virus capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kim ◽  
Jinhyo Chung ◽  
Sang Hyun Lee ◽  
Jeong Hyeon Yoon ◽  
Dae-Hyuk Kweon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Cost Efficient

AbstractInfluenza, one of the most contagious and infectious diseases, is predominantly transmitted through aerosols, leading to the development of filter-based protective equipment. Though the currently available filters are effective at removing submicron-sized particulates, filter materials with enhanced virus-capture efficiency are still in demand. Coating or chemically modifying filters with molecules capable of binding influenza viruses has received attention as a promising approach for the production of virus-capturing filters. For this purpose, tannic acid (TA), a plant-derived polyphenol, is a promising molecule for filter functionalization because of its antiviral activities and ability to serve as a cost-efficient adhesive for various materials. This study demonstrates the facile preparation of TA-functionalized high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter materials and their efficiency in influenza virus capture. Polypropylene HEPA filter fabrics were coated with TA via a dipping/washing process. The TA-functionalized HEPA filter (TA-HF) exhibits a high in-solution virus capture efficiency of up to 2,723 pfu/mm2 within 10 min, which is almost two orders of magnitude higher than that of non-functionalized filters. This result suggests that the TA-HF is a potent anti-influenza filter that can be used in protective equipment to prevent the spread of pathogenic viruses.

scholarly journals Temperature and Prey Species Richness Drive the Broad-Scale Distribution of a Generalist Predator

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Danai-Eleni Michailidou ◽  
Maria Lazarina ◽  
Stefanos P. Sgardelis
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
The Future ◽  
Grass Snake ◽  
Broad Scale

The ongoing climate change and the unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss render the need to accurately project future species distributional patterns more critical than ever. Mounting evidence suggests that not only abiotic factors, but also biotic interactions drive broad-scale distributional patterns. Here, we explored the effect of predator-prey interaction on the predator distribution, using as target species the widespread and generalist grass snake (Natrix natrix). We used ensemble Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) to build a model only with abiotic variables (abiotic model) and a biotic one including prey species richness. Then we projected the future grass snake distribution using a modest emission scenario assuming an unhindered and no dispersal scenario. The two models performed equally well, with temperature and prey species richness emerging as the top drivers of species distribution in the abiotic and biotic models, respectively. In the future, a severe range contraction is anticipated in the case of no dispersal, a likely possibility as reptiles are poor dispersers. If the species can disperse freely, an improbable scenario due to habitat loss and fragmentation, it will lose part of its contemporary distribution, but it will expand northwards.

scholarly journals Transgenerational Effects of a Neonicotinoid and a Novel Sulfoximine Insecticide on the Harlequin Ladybird

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Changchun Dai ◽  
Michele Ricupero ◽  
Zequn Wang ◽  
Nicolas Desneux ◽  
Antonio Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Harlequin Ladybird

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a generalist predator and an effective biocontrol agent of various insect pests that has been exploited for the control of aphid pests in the greenhouse and field. However, insecticides are widely used to control aphid pests worldwide and the potential non-target effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid for controlling aphid pests towards this biocontrol agent are little known. Although both sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of insects, sulfoxaflor has a novel chemical structure compared with neonicotinoids. We assessed the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid on H. axyridis simultaneously exposed via ingestion of contaminated prey and via residual contact on the host plant at LC20 and LC50 doses estimated for the cotton aphid. Imidacloprid significantly reduced the survival of H. axyridis adults compared to sulfoxaflor at the same lethal concentration against cotton aphid. Both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor reduced the proportion of ovipositing females, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, reduced the fecundity and fertility of the parental generation. In the progeny of imidacloprid- and sulfoxaflor-exposed parents, both tested LC50 concentrations significantly decreased the juvenile survival rate, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, prolonged the development time. Our findings provide evidence of the negative influence of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor at low lethal concentrations on the harlequin ladybird and on the progeny of exposed individuals, i.e., transgenerational effects. Hence, these findings stress the importance of optimizing the applications of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor for the control of aphid pests, aiming at preserving the biocontrol services provided by H. axyridis throughout the integrated pest management approach.

scholarly journals Controlled Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Scalable Open-Porous Contactor for Maximizing Carbon Capture Efficiency

JACS Au ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Hun Lee ◽  
YongSung Kwon ◽  
Chaehoon Kim ◽  
Young-Eun Hwang ◽  
Minkee Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Metal Organic

scholarly journals Analysis of capture efficiency of pitfall traps for the National Ecosystem Survey of Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dosung Kim ◽  
Young-Bok Cho ◽  
Jung Lark Kim ◽  
Eui jeong Hong ◽  
Chulgoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Ecosystem Survey
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