scholarly journals Evaluating within-population variability in behavior and demography for the adaptive potential of a dispersal-limited species to climate change

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 8740-8755 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Muñoz ◽  
Kyle Miller Hesed ◽  
Evan H. Campbell Grant ◽  
David A. W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Adaptive Potential

Neurobiology of phenotypic plasticity in the light of climate change

Neuroforum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Neuronal Signalling ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Signalling Cascade

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of an organism with a given genotype to respond to changing environmental conditions through the adaptation of the phenotype. Phenotypic plasticity is a widespread means of adaptation, allowing organisms to optimize fitness levels in changing environments. A core prerequisite for adaptive predictive plasticity is the existence of reliable cues, i.e. accurate environmental information about future selection on the expressed plastic phenotype. Furthermore, organisms need the capacity to detect and interpret such cues, relying on specific sensory signalling and neuronal cascades. Subsequent neurohormonal changes lead to the transformation of phenotype A into phenotype B. Each of these activities is critical for survival. Consequently, anything that could impair an animal’s ability to perceive important chemical information could have significant ecological ramifications. Climate change and other human stressors can act on individual or all of the components of this signalling cascade. In consequence, organisms could lose their adaptive potential, or in the worst case, even become maladapted. Therefore, it is key to understand the sensory systems, the neurobiology and the physiological adaptations that mediate organisms’ interactions with their environment. It is, thus, pivotal to predict the ecosystem-wide effects of global human forcing. This review summarizes current insights on how climate change affects phenotypic plasticity, focussing on how associated stressors change the signalling agents, the sensory systems, receptor responses and neuronal signalling cascades, thereby, impairing phenotypic adaptations.

scholarly journals Birds facing climate change: a qualitative model for the adaptive potential of migratory behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Morganti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Qualitative Model ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Recent Climate

Recent climate change is altering the migratory behaviour of many bird species. An advancement in the timing of spring events and a shift in the geographical distribution have been detected for birds around the world. In particular, intra-Palearctic migratory birds have advanced arrivals in spring and shortened migratory distances by shifting northward their wintering grounds. These changes in migratory patterns are considered adaptive responses facilitating the adjustment of the life cycle to the phenological changes found in their breeding areas. However, in some cases, populations exposed to the same selective pressures do not show any appreciable adaptive change in their behaviour. Basing on the comparison of realized and non-realized adaptive changes, I propose here the formulation of a qualitative model that predicts the potential of migratory birds populations to change adaptively their migratory behaviour. The model assumes that the adaptive potential of migratory behaviour is fuelled by both genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity. Populations of long-distance migrants are exposed to strong environmental canalization that largely eroded their phenotypic plasticity and reduced genetic variability, so that they show a very low amount of adaptive potential regarding migratory behaviour. On the contrary, partial-migrant populations have a highly varied genetic profile and are more plastic at the phenotypic level, and consequently show the highest amount of adaptive potential. Species with mainly social and mainly genetic determination of the migratory behaviour are separately treated in the model. Specific empirical models to foresee the adaptive strategies of wild bird populations that face to climate change can be derived from the general theoretical model. As example, a specific model about the shortening of migratory distances in Western European migratory bird is presented. Finally, a number of future research lines on the topic of adaptive potential of migratory behaviour are discussed, including some examples of concrete study cases. In conclusion, partial-migration emerge as the less known system and future research efforts on this topic are expected to be especially fruitful.

Population variability complicates the accurate detection of climate change responses

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2081-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy McCain ◽  
Tim Szewczyk ◽  
Kevin Bracy Knight
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
Climate Change Responses

scholarly journals Climate change and invasive species: a physiological performance comparison of invasive and endemic bees in Fiji

2020 ◽  
pp. jeb.230326
Author(s):  
Carmen R. B. da Silva ◽  
Julian E. Beaman ◽  
James B. Dorey ◽  
Sarah J. Barker ◽  
Nicholas C. Congedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Desiccation Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
Mixed Support

Anthropogenic climate change and invasive species are two of the greatest threats to biodiversity, affecting the survival, fitness and distribution of many species around the globe. Invasive species are often expected to have broad thermal tolerances, be highly plastic, or have high adaptive potential when faced with novel environments. Tropical island ectotherms are expected to be vulnerable to climate change as they often have narrow thermal tolerances and limited plasticity. In Fiji, only one species of endemic bee, Homalictus fijiensis, is commonly found in the lowland regions, but two invasive bee species, Braunsapis puangensis and Ceratina dentipes, have recently been introduced to Fiji. These introduced species pollinate invasive plants and might compete with H. fijiensis and other native pollinators for resources. To test whether certain performance traits promote invasiveness of some species, and to determine which species are the most vulnerable to climate change, we compared the thermal tolerance, desiccation resistance, metabolic rate, and seasonal performance adjustments of endemic and invasive bees in Fiji. The two invasive species tended to be more resistant to thermal and desiccation stress than H. fijiensis, while H. fijiensis had greater capacity to adjust their CTMAX with season, and H. fijiensis females tended to have higher metabolic rates, than B. puangensis females. These findings provide mixed support for current hypotheses for the functional basis of the success of invasive species, however, we expect the invasive bees in Fiji to be more resilient to climate change due to their increased thermal tolerance and desiccation resistance.

scholarly journals Individual-based eco-evolutionary models for understanding adaptation in changing seas

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1962) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Xuereb ◽  
Quentin Rougemont ◽  
Peter Tiffin ◽  
Huijie Xue ◽  
Megan Phifer-Rixey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Individual Based Models ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Genetic Responses ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Effective Conservation

As climate change threatens species' persistence, predicting the potential for species to adapt to rapidly changing environments is imperative for the development of effective conservation strategies. Eco-evolutionary individual-based models (IBMs) can be useful tools for achieving this objective. We performed a literature review to identify studies that apply these tools in marine systems. Our survey suggested that this is an emerging area of research fuelled in part by developments in modelling frameworks that allow simulation of increasingly complex ecological, genetic and demographic processes. The studies we identified illustrate the promise of this approach and advance our understanding of the capacity for adaptation to outpace climate change. These studies also identify limitations of current models and opportunities for further development. We discuss three main topics that emerged across studies: (i) effects of genetic architecture and non-genetic responses on adaptive potential; (ii) capacity for gene flow to facilitate rapid adaptation; and (iii) impacts of multiple stressors on persistence. Finally, we demonstrate the approach using simple simulations and provide a framework for users to explore eco-evolutionary IBMs as tools for understanding adaptation in changing seas.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on plant diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Das ◽  
M. Hajong D Majumdar ◽  
RK Tombisana Devi ◽  
T Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathogen Populations

The change in Global climate is due to increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. The earths’ observed climatic changes over the past 50 years are primarily caused by various human activities. The increasing global temperature over the past century by about 0.8°C and expected to rise between 0.9 and 3.5°C by 2100. Such changes will not only have a great effect on the growth and cultivation of different crops but also affect the reproduction, spread and severity of many plant pathogens. Various plant disease models have been developed to incorporate more sophisticated climate predictions at various levels. At the level, the adaptive potential of plant and pathogen populations may prove to be one of the most important predictors of the magnitude of climate change effects. This review highlights various influences of climate change on plant diseases and their effects with suitable examples.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 200-209 (2016)

Adaptive potential of a Pacific salmon challenged by climate change

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J. Muñoz ◽  
Anthony P. Farrell ◽  
John W. Heath ◽  
Bryan D. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Adaptive Potential

scholarly journals Urban Planning and Design for Building Neighborhood Resilience to Climate Change

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Rędzińska ◽  
Monika Piotrkowska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Ecological Sensitivity ◽  
Planning And Design

The aim of the paper was to present the procedure of building neighborhood resilience to climate threats, embedded in planning (from the strategic to local level) and design process and focused on usage of natural adaptive potential. The presented approach encompasses: (1) the strategic identification of focal areas in terms of climate adaptation needs, (2) comprehensive diagnosis of local ecological vulnerability and natural adaptive potential to build adaptive capacity, and (3) incorporation of natural adaptive potential through an identified set of planning and design tools. For diagnosis and strategic environmental impact assessment, the multicriteria analysis has been elaborated. The described procedure is applied to the City of Warsaw on the strategic level, by elaboration of the ranking of districts in terms of priority to take adaptation actions based on climatic threats, demographic vulnerability, and assessment of Warsaw Green Infrastructure potential. For further analysis at the planning and design stage, the district with the most urgent adaptation needs has been chosen, and within its borders, two neighborhoods (existing and planned one) with diagnosed ecological sensitivity were selected. Both case studies were analyzed in terms of environmental conditions, urban structure, and planning provisions. It enabled identification of existing natural adaptive potential and assessment of its use. As a result, propositions for enhancing neighborhood resilience to climate change were suggested.

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