scholarly journals Negative effects of density on space use of small mammals differ with the phase of the masting‐induced population cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 8423-8430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Bogdziewicz ◽  
Rafał Zwolak ◽  
Lauren Redosh ◽  
Leszek Rychlik ◽  
Elizabeth E. Crone
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Population Cycle ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Effects Of Density

scholarly journals Tracking native small mammals to measure fine-scale space use in grazed and restored dry woodlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e01348
Author(s):  
Florencia Spirito ◽  
Mary Rowland ◽  
Michael Wisdom ◽  
Solana Tabeni
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Fine Scale

Effects of Predation Risk on Space Use by Small Mammals: A Field Experiment with a Neotropical Rodent

Oikos ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Lagos ◽  
L. C. Contreras ◽  
P. L. Meserve ◽  
J. R. Gutiérrez ◽  
F. M. Jaksic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Neotropical Rodent

Impacts of density and large mammals on space use by the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELICIA KEESING ◽  
TARA CRAWFORD
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Central Kenya

Rodents in tropical Africa have been recognized for decades both as important pests of agriculture and as reservoirs of numerous diseases that affect humans and livestock (Keesing 2000). Despite this recognition, however, little is known about the ecology and behaviour of these abundant and widespread animals. Because the impacts of small mammals as pests are expected to be some function of their population density, most ecological research on African rodents has focused on their population dynamics (Delany 1972, 1986; Leirs et al. 1994, 1996a).

The influence of spring floods on small mammal communities in the Nemunas River Delta, Lithuania

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linas Balčiauskas ◽  
Laima Balčiauskienė ◽  
Agnė Janonytė
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Small Mammal Communities ◽  
High Flood ◽  
Mammal Communities

AbstractThe influence of the annual spring floods on small mammal communities was studied in the Nemunas River Delta, SW Lithuania. The aim of the investigation was to compare the diversity of small mammals inhabiting spring-flooded meadows, meadows not subjected to flooding and spring-flooded forest in years characterized by differing heights and durations of spring flood. In the years of the high flood, the number of species and diversity index were higher, while index of dominance was less than in the years of low flood. Significantly, the highest proportions of Apodemus agrarius were recorded in spring-flooded meadows in years of high flood (41.7%), while Microtus oeconomus occurred in the highest proportions in spring-flooded meadows in years of low flood (66.8%) and in meadows not subjected to flooding (47.1%). In non-flooded areas, M. Oeconomus is not expelled by the floods and outcompetes other species. After high levels of flooding, during the process of re-population, the voles may be outcompeted by A. agrarius. In the absence of dominant species, greater opportunities existed for the establishment of more species (13 species in flooded meadows). Micromys minutus accounted for up to 19.5–30.1% in the years of high flood. We concluded that the annual spring floods in the Nemunas Delta had no long-term negative effects, the number of small mammal species and their abundance had been restored in just a few months. The worst consequences of the high flood were recorded in forest habitat. Spring floods, and especially the higher floods, are natural environmental agents, maintaining the high diversity of small mammals in meadows and reed-beds.

scholarly journals Space Use in the Commons: Evaluating a Flexible Library Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Asher
Keyword(s):  
Space Use ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Academic Environments ◽  
Learning Commons ◽  
Technology And Learning ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
The Commons

Abstract Objective – This article evaluates the usage and user experience of the Herman B Wells Library’s Learning Commons, a newly renovated technology and learning centre that provides services and spaces tailored to undergraduates’ academic needs at Indiana University Bloomington (IUB). Methods – A mixed-method research protocol combining time-lapse photography, unobtrusive observation, and random-sample surveys was employed to construct and visualize a representative usage and activity profile for the Learning Commons space. Results – Usage of the Learning Commons by particular student groups varied considerably from expectations based on student enrollments. In particular, business, first and second year students, and international students used the Learning Commons to a higher degree than expected, while humanities students used it to a much lower degree. While users were satisfied with the services provided and the overall atmosphere of the space, they also experienced the negative effects of insufficient space and facilities due to the space often operating at or near its capacity. Demand for collaboration rooms and computer workstations was particularly high, while additional evidence suggests that the Learning Commons furniture mix may not adequately match users’ needs. Conclusions – This study presents a unique approach to space use evaluation that enables researchers to collect and visualize representative observational data. This study demonstrates a model for quickly and reliably assessing space use for open-plan and learning-centred academic environments and for evaluating how well these learning spaces fulfill their institutional mission.

Factors affecting the permeability of road mitigation measures to the movement of small mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Adam T. Ford ◽  
Anthony P. Clevenger
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Highway Maintenance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Banff National Park ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Road Mitigation ◽  
Large Animals

Mitigation measures, such as wildlife-exclusion fencing and crossing structures (overpasses, underpasses, culverts), have been widely demonstrated to reduce the negative effects of roads on medium-sized and large animals. It is unclear how these mitigation measures influence the movement of small mammals (<5 kg). Our study has three objectives: (1) to test whether culverts improve highway permeability; (2) to determine factors associated with culvert use, such as culvert obstruction by snow; (3) to evaluate factors contributing towards fence permeability, such as the presence of a culvert, snow depth, and fence mesh size. We used snow tracking to assess the movement for four small-mammal taxa along the Trans-Canada Highway corridor in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. We found that the presence of a culvert within 100 m of transects significantly improved fence and highway permeability. Obstruction of the culvert entrance by snow was negatively correlated with the probability of use, and therefore, of highway permeability. Furthermore, the mesh size of the fencing did not affect fence or highway permeability. We recommend that culvert entrances be located on the outside of fenced right-of-ways to reduce obstruction by highway maintenance activities such as snowplowing.

scholarly journals Patterns of arboreal and terrestrial space use by non-volant small mammals in an Araucaria forest of southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 807-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURY S.L. ABREU ◽  
LARISSA R. DE OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Vertical Stratification ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Araucaria Forest ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Dense Vegetation

Despite the advances in the techniques for researching arboreal small mammals, detailed ecological data, such as habitat use patterns, are practically nonexistent for many species. Using 150 live-traps installed on the ground, understory (1.0-5.0m) and canopy (>5.0m) we investigated patterns of arboreal and terrestrial space use by small mammals in an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil (29°29′08″S; 50°12′26″W). We also measured 19 microhabitat variables that could potentially influence the abundance of such mammals on each trap station. The results indicated that Akodon montensis and A. serrensis were mainly terrestrial. Delomys dorsalis was also terrestrial, but it also used understory (17.24% of captures). Juliomys sp. and Gracilinanus microtarsus were the most arboreal small mammals recorded. A. montensis was associated with dense vegetation, while A. serrensis selected positively opened areas. Juliomys sp. and G. microtarsus were associated to microhabitat variables related to the access and movement within the canopy. Moreover, bromeliads on arboreal layer were an important factor for these two arboreal species. This is the first study to report microhabitat associations by Juliomys sp. and A. serrensis, and we demonstrated that vertical stratification and microhabitat use were both synergic mechanisms to determine habitat use by small mammals on the Araucaria Forest of southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Top-predator control-induced trophic cascades: an alternative hypothesis to the conclusion of Colman et al .

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1799) ◽  
pp. 20141251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Trophic Cascades ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Prey Identification ◽  
Manipulative Experiments

Colman et al. (2014 Proc. R. Soc. B 281 , 20133094. ( doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3094 )) recently argued that observed positive relationships between dingoes and small mammals were a result of top-down processes whereby lethal dingo control reduced dingoes and increased mesopredators and herbivores, which then suppressed small mammals. Here, I show that the prerequisite negative effects of dingo control on dingoes were not shown, and that the same positive relationships observed may simply represent well-known bottom-up processes whereby more generalist predators are found in places with more of their preferred prey. Identification of top-predator control-induced trophic cascades first requires demonstration of some actual effect of control on predators, typically possible only through manipulative experiments with the ability to identify cause and effect.

Effects of mechanical strip thinning of aspen on small mammals and breeding birds in northern Minnesota, U.S.A.

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1284-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. Christian ◽  
Marlys Reuvers-House ◽  
Joann M. Hanowski ◽  
Gerald J. Niemi ◽  
John G. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Forest Songbirds

Abundance and species composition of small mammals and breeding birds were studied on mechanically strip-thinned aspen stands and comparable reference stands in northern Minnesota. Strip-thinned stands included sapling-sized stands thinned 1 or 2 years before the study and pole-sized stands thinned 7–11 years previously. Fewer individual birds were observed on sapling-sized thinned than reference stands, reflecting primarily decreases in abundances of bird species that select midsuccessional deciduous forests; several of these species are long-distance migrants. Bird abundance and community composition on thinned and reference pole-sized stands were similar, differing most notably in the presence of Canada Warbler (Wilsoniacanadensis (L.)) and Downy Woodpecker (Picoidespubescens (L.)) in thinned but not reference stands. Significantly more individual small mammals were captured on thinned than reference stands, and most other measures of abundance indicated positive numerical responses of small mammals to strip thinning. Mechanical strip thinning of aspen shows promise for enhancing aspen supply by allowing trees to grow more rapidly to harvestable size. Our results suggest that use of this practice has no negative effects on small mammals and relatively short-lived negative effects on forest songbirds at the stand level.

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