scholarly journals Natural quantitative genetic variance in plant growth differs in response to ecologically relevant temperature heterogeneity

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 7574-7585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti J. Salmela ◽  
Brent E. Ewers ◽  
Cynthia Weinig
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

Quantitative genetic variance in experimental fly populations evolving with or without environmental heterogeneity

Evolution ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2735-2746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuheng Huang ◽  
John R. Stinchcombe ◽  
Aneil F. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

scholarly journals The distribution of allelic effects under mutation and selection

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Frank ◽  
Montgomery Slatkin
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Price Equation ◽  
Genetic Character ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Mutation And Selection

SummaryThe Price (1970, 1972) equation is applied to the problem of describing the changes in the moments of allelic effects caused by selection, mutation and recombination at loci governing a quantitative genetic character. For comparable assumptions the resulting equations are the same as those obtained by different means by Barton & Turelli (1987; Turelli & Barton, 1989). The Price equation provides a natural framework within which to examine certain kinds of non-additive allelic effects, recombination and assortative mating. The use of the Price equation is illustrated by finding the equilibrium genetic variance under multiplicative dominance and epistasis and under assortative mating at an additive locus. The limitations of the use of recursion equations for the moments of allelic effects are also discussed.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetics and the evolution of ontogeny: I. Ontogenetic changes in quantitative genetic variance components in randombred mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Cheverud ◽  
Larry J. Leamy ◽  
William R. Atchley ◽  
J. J. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Trunk Length ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYWe report the results of an ontogenetic analysis of quantitative genetic variance components with two replicates drawn from the randombred ICR strain of mice. A total of 432 mice from 108 full-sib families raised in a cross-fostering design were used to estimate direct effects heritability, maternal effects, and environmental effects for weight, head length, trunk length, trunk circumference, and tail length at 17, 24, 31, 38, 45, 52, 59, and 66 days of age. There was no significant difference in heritability between the replicates. Heritabilities either stayed more or less constant with age at about 0·30 (weight, trunk length, trunk circumference) or increased slightly with age (head length, tail length). Maternal effects decreased with age from a maximum of about 0·50 at weaning to about 0·15 at age 66 when growth was nearly complete. Environmental effects increased in relative importance during ontogeny.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetic variability maintained by mutation-stabilizing selection balance: sampling variation and response to subsequent directional selection

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Keightley ◽  
William G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Selection Responses ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cage Population ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryA model of genetic variation of a quantitative character subject to the simultaneous effects of mutation, selection and drift is investigated. Predictions are obtained for the variance of the genetic variance among independent lines at equilibrium with stabilizing selection. These indicate that the coefficient of variation of the genetic variance among lines is relatively insensitive to the strength of stabilizing selection on the character. The effects on the genetic variance of a change of mode of selection from stabilizing to directional selection are investigated. This is intended to model directional selection of a character in a sample of individuals from a natural or long-established cage population. The pattern of change of variance from directional selection is strongly influenced by the strengths of selection at individual loci in relation to effective population size before and after the change of regime. Patterns of change of variance and selection responses from Monte Carlo simulation are compared to selection responses observed in experiments. These indicate that changes in variance with directional selection are not very different from those due to drift alone in the experiments, and do not necessarily give information on the presence of stabilizing selection or its strength.

scholarly journals Genetic constraints predict evolutionary divergence in Dalechampia blossoms

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1649) ◽  
pp. 20130255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir H. Bolstad ◽  
Thomas F. Hansen ◽  
Christophe Pélabon ◽  
Mohsen Falahati-Anbaran ◽  
Rocío Pérez-Barrales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Genetic Constraints ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Genetic Constraint

If genetic constraints are important, then rates and direction of evolution should be related to trait evolvability. Here we use recently developed measures of evolvability to test the genetic constraint hypothesis with quantitative genetic data on floral morphology from the Neotropical vine Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae). These measures were compared against rates of evolution and patterns of divergence among 24 populations in two species in the D. scandens species complex. We found clear evidence for genetic constraints, particularly among traits that were tightly phenotypically integrated. This relationship between evolvability and evolutionary divergence is puzzling, because the estimated evolvabilities seem too large to constitute real constraints. We suggest that this paradox can be explained by a combination of weak stabilizing selection around moving adaptive optima and small realized evolvabilities relative to the observed additive genetic variance.

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SIZE-SCALING PATTERNS IN THE MOUSE MANDIBLE

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-595
Author(s):  
William R Atchley ◽  
A Alison Plummer ◽  
Bruce Riska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The relationship between multidimensional form of the adult mouse mandible and body size is examined from an ontogenetic perspective. The origin and ontogeny of phenotypic correlations are described in terms of genetic and environmental covariance patterns between adult skeletal morphology and growth in body weight. Different ontogenetic patterns are observed in the genetic correlations, and these can be related to the developmental as well as the functional aspects of mandibular form. The quantitative genetic aspects of craniomandibular growth and morphogenesis are explored, together with an examination of the impact of ontogenetic changes in the genetic variance-covariance structure on morphogenetic integration and evolution by selection.

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