scholarly journals Phylogenetic and ecological patterns in nighttime transpiration among five members of the genus Rubus co‐occurring in western Oregon

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (17) ◽  
pp. 3557-3569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon McNellis ◽  
Ava R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Nighttime Transpiration ◽  
Ecological Patterns

To the rescue—Evaluating the social-ecological patterns for bird intakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrade ◽  
H. L. Bateman ◽  
K. L. Larson ◽  
C. Herzog ◽  
J. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecological Patterns

scholarly journals Predicting the Impact of Describing New Species on Phylogenetic Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Blackburn ◽  
G Giribet ◽  
D E Soltis ◽  
E L Stanley
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Tree Shape ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Incomplete Sampling

Abstract Although our inventory of Earth’s biodiversity remains incomplete, we still require analyses using the Tree of Life to understand evolutionary and ecological patterns. Because incomplete sampling may bias our inferences, we must evaluate how future additions of newly discovered species might impact analyses performed today. We describe an approach that uses taxonomic history and phylogenetic trees to characterize the impact of past species discoveries on phylogenetic knowledge using patterns of branch-length variation, tree shape, and phylogenetic diversity. This provides a framework for assessing the relative completeness of taxonomic knowledge of lineages within a phylogeny. To demonstrate this approach, we use recent large phylogenies for amphibians, reptiles, flowering plants, and invertebrates. Well-known clades exhibit a decline in the mean and range of branch lengths that are added each year as new species are described. With increased taxonomic knowledge over time, deep lineages of well-known clades become known such that most recently described new species are added close to the tips of the tree, reflecting changing tree shape over the course of taxonomic history. The same analyses reveal other clades to be candidates for future discoveries that could dramatically impact our phylogenetic knowledge. Our work reveals that species are often added non-randomly to the phylogeny over multiyear time-scales in a predictable pattern of taxonomic maturation. Our results suggest that we can make informed predictions about how new species will be added across the phylogeny of a given clade, thus providing a framework for accommodating unsampled undescribed species in evolutionary analyses.

scholarly journals Trophic control of cryptic coralline algal diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (30) ◽  
pp. 15080-15085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine R. Hind ◽  
Samuel Starko ◽  
Jenn M. Burt ◽  
Matthew A. Lemay ◽  
Anne K. Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Trophic Dynamics ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Nearshore Ecosystems ◽  
Keystone Predation ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Algal Assemblages

Understanding how trophic dynamics drive variation in biodiversity is essential for predicting the outcomes of trophic downgrading across the world’s ecosystems. However, assessing the biodiversity of morphologically cryptic lineages can be problematic, yet may be crucial to understanding ecological patterns. Shifts in keystone predation that favor increases in herbivore abundance tend to have negative consequences for the biodiversity of primary producers. However, in nearshore ecosystems, coralline algal cover increases when herbivory is intense, suggesting that corallines may uniquely benefit from trophic downgrading. Because many coralline algal species are morphologically cryptic and their diversity has been globally underestimated, increasing the resolution at which we distinguish species could dramatically alter our conclusions about the consequences of trophic dynamics for this group. In this study, we used DNA barcoding to compare the diversity and composition of cryptic coralline algal assemblages at sites that differ in urchin biomass and keystone predation by sea otters. We show that while coralline cover is greater in urchin-dominated sites (or “barrens”), which are subject to intense grazing, coralline assemblages in these urchin barrens are significantly less diverse than in kelp forests and are dominated by only 1 or 2 species. These findings clarify how food web structure relates to coralline community composition and reconcile patterns of total coralline cover with the widely documented pattern that keystone predation promotes biodiversity. Shifts in coralline diversity and distribution associated with transitions from kelp forests to urchin barrens could have ecosystem-level effects that would be missed by ignoring cryptic species’ identities.

scholarly journals Dispersal Kernel Determines Symmetry of Spread and Geographical Range for an Insect

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Dispersal Kernel ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Dispersal Distances

The distance from a source patch that dispersing insects reach depends on the number of dispersers, or random draws from a probability density function called a dispersal kernel, and the shape of that kernel. This can cause asymmetrical dispersal between habitat patches that produce different numbers of dispersers. Spatial distributions based on these dynamics can explain several ecological patterns including megapopulations and geographic range boundaries. I hypothesized that a locally extirpated longhorned beetle, the sugar maple borer, has a new geographical range shaped primarily by probabilistic dispersal distances. I used data on occurrence from Ontario, Canada to construct a model of geographical range in Indiana, USA based on maximum dispersal distance scaled by habitat area. This model predicted the new range boundary within 500 m very accurately. This beetle may be an ideal organism for exploring spatial dynamics driven by dispersal.

Landscape analysis through pictorial transects in degraded lands.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Campos ◽  
Jaime Villena ◽  
Marta M. Moreno ◽  
Jesús D. Peco ◽  
Mónica Sánchez-Ormeño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Allochthonous Species ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Good Characterization ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
High Degree

<p>Understanding the dynamics of plant populations and their relationship with the characteristics of the terrain (slope, texture, etc.) and with particular phenomena (erosion, pollution, environmental constrains, etc.) that could affect them is crucial in order to manage regeneration and rehabilitation projects in degraded lands. In recent years, the emphasis has been placed on the observation and assessment of microtopographic drivers as they lead to large-scale phenomena. All the ecological variables that affect a given area are interconnected and the success in unraveling the ecological patterns of operation relies on making a good characterization of all the parameters involved.</p><p>It is especially interesting to study the natural colonization processes that take place in Mediterranean areas with a high degree of seasonality, to whose climatic restrictions, the presence of pollutants and various anthropic actions, can be added. Over these degraded areas, we propose using a new tool, what we have come to call "<strong>pictorial transects</strong>", that is, one-dimensional artificial transects built from low-scale photographs (2 m<sup>2</sup>) taken along a line of work (transect) where you can see the points where ecological resources are generated, stored and lost, and their fluctuation throughout time. A derivative of these would be the "<strong>green transects</strong>" in which the green color has been discriminated using the open software Image I. It is an inexpensive, fast and straightforward pictorial method that can be used to research and monitor the spatial and temporal fluctuation of the potential input of resources (organic matter, water, fine particles, etc.) to the ecosystem.</p><p>The information obtained from pictorial transects not only refers to the measurement of the photosynthetic potential per unit area or the location of the critical points (generate, storage or sink of resources) but also makes it possible to monitor the specific composition of the plant cover. For an appropriate use of this methodology, the criteria to determine the direction and length of the different transects must be previously and carefully established according to the objectives proposed in the study. For example: a radial transect in a salty pond will give us information on the changes in the plant cover as we move away from the center and the salinity decreases. In the same pond, a transect parallel to the shore will give us information on those changes that occur in the vegetation that do not depend on the degree of salinity. There are some cases in which this method could be very useful, as in the natural colonization of a degraded mine site or to assess the progression area affected by allochthonous species or weeds in extensive crops.</p>

Effects of pollution and climate change on the ecosystem components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Lykholat
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Herbaceous Communities ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

The book contains the study results of the environmental and soil conditions of the transformed territories, the ecological patterns of woody plants natural communities’ formation as well as the features of the herbaceous communities’ succession in flooded areas. The current state of forest areas is highlighted, the problems of forest management and their exploitation in Ukraine are outlined. Aspects of anthropogenic impact on natural aquatic ecosystems are shown and various biotesting methods of negative effects are characterized. The relationship between the presence of exogenous biologically active chemical compounds in the environment and damage to the endocrine system of animals has been revealed. The scientific manuscript is intended for ecologists, specialists interested in environmental management and environmental protection. The book may be useful for graduate students and scientific researchers.

scholarly journals Ecological patterns of blood-feeding by kissing-bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Eduardo Rabinovich ◽  
Uriel Dan Kitron ◽  
Yamila Obed ◽  
Miho Yoshioka ◽  
Nicole Gottdenker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Ecological Patterns

Magnitude of nighttime transpiration does not affect plant growth or nutrition in well-wateredArabidopsis

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairgareth A. Christman ◽  
Lisa A. Donovan ◽  
James H. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nighttime Transpiration

Evolutionary and ecological patterns within the South African Bathyergidae: Implications for taxonomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus H. Visser ◽  
Nigel C. Bennett ◽  
Bettine Jansen van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
Ecological Patterns
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