scholarly journals A systematic scoping review of research on COVID ‐19 impacts on eating disorders: A critical appraisal of the evidence and recommendations for the field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Linardon ◽  
Mariel Messer ◽  
Rachel F. Rodgers ◽  
Matthew Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal

scholarly journals Oral health problems facing refugees in Europe: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiad Zinah ◽  
Heba M. Al-Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Abstract Introduction Europe has been experiencing a flow of refugees and asylum seekers driven by conflicts or poverty. Their oral health is often neglected despite its clear impact on quality of life. Objective To explore the status of oral health among refugees and asylum seekers groups by examining the available literature and to determine which evidence exists regarding the problems they face in terms of oral health. Methods The current paper followed PRISMA guidelines. A scoping review methodology was followed to retrieve 2911 records from five databases and grey literature. Twelve articles met the following inclusion criteria: experimental research concentrated on the oral and dental health of refugees and/or asylum seekers between 1995 and 2020 in English. Analysis was both descriptive and thematic, whilst a critical appraisal was applied using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). Results Seven studies (58,3%) were quantitative, while five studies (41,6%) were qualitative. In general, the quality of most of the studies (83.3%) was good. Limited access to oral health care services was shown with a higher prevalence of oral diseases compared to the native populations of the host countries. Approaches to improve oral health have been implemented in some studies and have shown positive outcomes. Conclusions Oral health care strategies should consider the oral health problems facing refugees in Europe, and oral health promotion campaigns are essential to give adequate guidance on how to access oral health care in the host countries.

scholarly journals Formative peer assessment in higher healthcare education programmes: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e045345
Author(s):  
Marie Stenberg ◽  
Elisabeth Mangrio ◽  
Mariette Bengtsson ◽  
Elisabeth Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Pertinent Data

ObjectivesFormative peer assessment focuses on learning and development of the student learning process. This implies that students are taking responsibility for assessing the work of their peers by giving and receiving feedback to each other. The aim was to compile research about formative peer assessment presented in higher healthcare education, focusing on the rationale, the interventions, the experiences of students and teachers and the outcomes of formative assessment interventions.DesignA scoping review.Data sourcesSearches were conducted until May 2019 in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Education Research Complete and Education Research Centre. Grey literature was searched in Library Search, Google Scholar and Science Direct.Eligibility criteriaStudies addressing formative peer assessment in higher education, focusing on medicine, nursing, midwifery, dentistry, physical or occupational therapy and radiology published in peer-reviewed articles or in grey literature.Data extractions and synthesisOut of 1452 studies, 37 met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised using relevant Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, Joanna Briggs Institute and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool tools. The pertinent data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultThe critical appraisal resulted in 18 included studies with high and moderate quality. The rationale for using formative peer assessment relates to giving and receiving constructive feedback as a means to promote learning. The experience and outcome of formative peer assessment interventions from the perspective of students and teachers are presented within three themes: (1) organisation and structure of the formative peer assessment activities, (2) personal attributes and consequences for oneself and relationships and (3) experience and outcome of feedback and learning.ConclusionHealthcare education must consider preparing and introducing students to collaborative learning, and thus develop well-designed learning activities aligned with the learning outcomes. Since peer collaboration seems to affect students’ and teachers’ experiences of formative peer assessment, empirical investigations exploring collaboration between students are of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Stigmatization toward People with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder: A Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2834
Author(s):  
Lisa Brelet ◽  
Valentin Flaudias ◽  
Michel Désert ◽  
Sébastien Guillaume ◽  
Pierre-Michel Llorca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Recovery Process

Research about stigmatization in eating disorders (EDs) has highlighted stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination against people with EDs, as well as their harmful effects on them, including self-stigma and a difficult recovery process. Whereas a recent review focused on the consequences of ED stigma, our work aimed to provide a broader synthesis of ED stigma, including its consequences, but also its content and distribution. More precisely, we focused on three EDs—namely, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Based on a systematic search of four major databases in psychology, the present scoping review includes 46 studies published between 2004 and 2021. We did not conduct any quality assessment of the studies included, because our aim was to provide a wide-ranging overview of these topics instead of an appraisal of evidence answering a precise research question. The review confirmed the existence of a common ED stigma: all individuals affected by EDs reviewed here were perceived as responsible for their situation, and elicited negative emotions and social distance. However, our review also depicted a specific stigma content associated with each ED. In addition, the demographic characteristics of the stigmatizing individuals had a notable influence on the extent of ED stigma: men, young adults, and low-income individuals appeared to be the most stigmatizing toward individuals with EDs. It is important to note that ED stigma had a negative effect on individuals’ eating disorders, psychological wellbeing, and treatment-seeking behavior. There is an urgent need for further research on the adverse effects of ED stigma and its prevention.

scholarly journals Eating disorders amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Burt ◽  
Deborah Mitchison ◽  
Kerrie Doyle ◽  
Phillipa Hay
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Torres Strait

Abstract Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (Indigenous Australians) have poorer mental health compared to other Australians. Yet, there is a lack of research into mental disorders among this population, especially for eating disorders (ED), which are amongst the most lethal and debilitating mental disorders. Aim We aimed to answer 2 questions: 1. What is the volume and content of literature on ED among Indigenous Australians? 2. Has a screening or diagnostic tool/instrument been developed for the assessment of ED amongst Indigenous Australians? Method We conducted a scoping review of electronic databases (Pubmeb, Embase, PsychInfo, Proquest, Cochrane Library, Indigenous HealtInfoNet and Scopus), for studies addressing ED, body image, muscle dysmorphia, weight and shape concern among Indigenous Australians, as well as diagnostic and screening tools. All relevant studies were reviewed in full by 2 researchers. Narrative synthesis of the data was performed. Results There is limited evidence for ED among Indigenous Australians, however, the evidence available strongly suggests that ED are more common among Indigenous Australians compared to other Australians. Eating disorders among Indigenous Australians are also associated with high levels of overvaluation of weight and shape. The increased risk of ED among Indigenous Australians was largely explained by factors such as poorer psychosocial wellbeing. No evidence was found for the existence of validated diagnostic or screening tools for ED in Indigenous Australians. Conclusion The evidence suggests ED are common among Indigenous Australians, and there are no diagnostic or screening tools available to assist clinicians in assessing them. More research is required in this field, especially towards the development of a validated and culturally specific screening or diagnostic tool for ED among Indigenous Australians.

Probiotic supplementation in well children: A scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Irwin ◽  
Deborah Davis ◽  
Marian Currie
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Probiotic supplements have been suggested as therapy for a range of health problems in children. This article aims to map the literature around probiotic use in well children, with a focus on prevalence. Using a scoping review methodology, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, HealthSource and SAGE, as well as Google and MedNar for grey literature, in July 2018. We followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and used the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool to assess articles for quality. Seven studies including a total of 24,742 children were identified. The prevalence of probiotic use ranged from 4% to 51%. The most common predictors of use were parental probiotic use, and higher maternal education and income. Only one small study reported the strains of probiotics used. Neither the reasons for using probiotics, nor parental perceptions of efficacy were adequately explored. Most parents obtained their information about probiotics from the Internet or family members. Despite the number of children in the community reported to have used probiotics, there are few well-designed and/or well-reported studies of prevalence, and inadequate data concerning the strains of probiotics used, reasons for their use and their perceived efficacy.

scholarly journals International training programs on eating disorders for professionals, caregivers, and the general public: A scoping review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra Piat ◽  
Alexis Pearson ◽  
Judith Sabetti ◽  
Howard Steiger ◽  
Mimi Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
General Public ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
International Training

scholarly journals Teaching scientific principles in undergraduate medical education – a scoping review on international examples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Vonneilich ◽  
Sven Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Education ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Evaluation Data ◽  
Medical Curricula ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Scientific Questions

Abstract Background The constant growth of medical scientific knowledge, stronger calls for evidence based medicine and changing roles of physicians are examples for the relevance of teaching scientific principles in undergraduate medical education. The acquisition of scientific skills is comparably weak in undergraduate medical education. This scoping review addresses the following questions: Which examples on teaching scientific principles in undergraduate medical education can be identified in international literature? What is known regarding their educational success and how can they be integrated into undergraduate medical curricula? Methods A systematic scoping review search was conducted in PubMed. Criteria for eligibility were English or German language, publication in a peer-reviewed journal, publication date after 1 st of January 2000 and the publications had to report educational interventions in undergraduate medical education on one of the following basic scientific principles: searching literature, formulating scientific questions, reading and critical appraisal of literature, writing, presentation and understanding of the research process. After full-text screening, 29 studies were included in the analysis. Results Educational interventions focused on literature search (N=14), critical appraisal of scientific publications (N=13) and the formulation of scientific questions (N=13). Evaluation data were included in 16 publications. Outcomes included measures of student satisfaction, student knowledge and scientific competence based on tested instruments. Results were quite heterogeneous regarding the success of educational interventions. Conclusions Publications in this field of medical education vary considerably regarding reporting of results and inclusion of evaluation data, making a comprehensive analysis of the educational interventions a difficult task. Nevertheless, some ideas for the implementation of scientific principles in undergraduate medical education can be named. Student knowledge of and student attitude towards scientific principles in medical education can be fostered by integrating different didactic approaches, by including self-study time and by integrating these principles vertically in undergraduate medical curricula along with clinical aspects.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors and Management of Hepatitis B Virus Screening in Mothers and Infants: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nurul Kurniati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Screening

ABSTRACT Background: The importance of screening for HBV infection is to identify the risk of perinatal transmission from infected mothers. People infected with HBV during infancy or childhood are more likely to suffer chronic infection to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for HBV infection. This study aimed to review the factors and management of hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were English/ Indonesian-language and full-text articles (scoping review, meta-analysis, systematic review)/ documents/ reports/ policy brief/ guidelines from WHO/ other organizations published between 2009 and 2019. The data were selected by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: The searched database obtained a total of 27.862 articles. After screening, 27.325 articles were excluded because of unmet the inclusion criteria. After conducting critical appraisal for the remaining 537 articles, only 11 articles were eligible for further review. The selected articles obtained from developing countries (China, South Africa, and Tanzania) and developed countries (Netherlands, Japan, Denmark, Northern Europe, and Canada) with quantitative studies design (cross-sectional, case series, and cohort) met the inclusion criteria. The findings emphasized on four main topics around hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants, namely demographic factors, risk factors, post-screening benefit, and challenges in screening uptake. Conclusion: Early detection of HBV infection with prenatal screening reduce the HBV prenatal transmission, especially from infected pregnancy. Screening plays an important role in the administration of universal infant HBV vaccination and postexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. Keywords: pregnant women, hepatitis B virus, perinatal transmission, screening Correspondence: Setianingsih. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 082242081295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.67

scholarly journals Father's Experience on the Incident of Newborn Death: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Reza Wahyuni ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

ABSTRACT Background: The death of a child is a painful experience for parents. The distress of bereaved fathers remained inadequately understood since most of the existing studies had concentrated mainly on the mothers’ experience. This scoping review aimed to investigate the fathers’ experience on the incident of newborn death. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, ProQuest, EBSCO, gray literature through the Google Scholar search engine databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and primary studied full-text articles published between 2010 and 2019. A total of 307 articles were obtained by the searched database. After the review process, seven articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: A total of 307 articles were obtained by the searched databases. After screening, 55,052 articles were excluded because of 54,847 articles with irrelevant topics, 22 book review articles, and 183 duplicate articles. Of the remaining 88 articles, only 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. After conducting critical appraisal, a total of six articles from developed countries (Australia, Sweden, Spain, and Columbia) with qualitative studies was selected to further review. This review emphasized three main topics about experiences of fathers after the death of the newborn, namely psychological conditions and coping behaviors of fathers, and supportive care from health professionals. Conclusion: Further support and care of health professionals need to focus on fathers’ experience of grief following newborn death, especially on their physical and mental well-being. Keywords: newborn death, father experience, health professionals, coping behaviors Correspondence: Dwi Reza Wahyuni. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ringroad Barat No. 63, Mlangi Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282211318785. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.63

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