Visual deficits in developmental dyslexia: relationships between non-linguistic visual tasks and their contribution to components of reading

Dyslexia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon W. Jones ◽  
Holly P. Branigan ◽  
M. Louise Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Components Of Reading

Accurately Assessing Visual Deficits in Children With Developmental Dyslexia—Reply

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Aparna Raghuram ◽  
David G. Hunter ◽  
Deborah P. Waber
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Visual Deficits

scholarly journals Frequency of Visual Deficits in Children With Developmental Dyslexia

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Raghuram ◽  
Sowjanya Gowrisankaran ◽  
Emily Swanson ◽  
David Zurakowski ◽  
David G. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Visual Deficits

scholarly journals Visual deficits and individual differences in developmental dyslexia

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Jason Yeatman ◽  
Alex White ◽  
Douglas Strodtman ◽  
Patrick Donnelly ◽  
Sung Jun Joo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Visual Deficits

Self-Reported Visual Problems of Older Drivers

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Kosnik ◽  
Robert Sekuler ◽  
Donald W. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Dynamic Vision ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Visual Problems ◽  
Visual Processing Speed ◽  
The Relationship

We conducted a survey in order to gain insights into the reasons older persons decide to give up driving. Our survey focused on vision. We probed the relationship between visual deficiencies and driving status by asking older people about the problems they encountered while performing routine visual tasks. The results showed that older persons who had recently given up driving reported more visual problems than did their driving counterparts. These problems related to difficulties in dynamic vision, visual processing speed, visual search, light sensitivity, and near vision. The results suggested that older persons are sensitive to their own visual deficits and that this awareness influences decisions about driving.

scholarly journals Reduced evoked activity and cortical oscillations are correlated with anisometric amblyopia and impairment of visual acuity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Julku ◽  
Santeri Rouhinen ◽  
Henri J. Huttunen ◽  
Laura Lindberg ◽  
Johanna Liinamaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractAmblyopia is a developmental disorder associated with abnormal visual experience during early childhood commonly arising from strabismus and/or anisometropia and leading to dysfunctions in visual cortex and to various visual deficits. The different forms of neuronal activity that are attenuated in amblyopia have been only partially characterized. In electrophysiological recordings of healthy human brain, the presentation of visual stimuli is associated with event-related activity and oscillatory responses. It has remained poorly understood whether these forms of activity are reduced in amblyopia and whether possible dysfunctions would arise from lower- or higher-order visual areas. We recorded neuronal activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG) from anisometropic amblyopic patients and control participants during two visual tasks presented separately for each eye and estimated neuronal activity from source-reconstructed MEG data. We investigated whether event-related and oscillatory responses would be reduced for amblyopia and localized their cortical sources. Oscillation amplitudes and evoked responses were reduced for stimuli presented to the amblyopic eye in higher-order visual areas and in parietal and prefrontal cortices. Importantly, the reduction of oscillation amplitudes but not that of evoked responses was correlated with decreased visual acuity in amblyopia. These results show that attenuated oscillatory responses are correlated with visual deficits in anisometric amblyopia.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Does Viotin Activate Violin More Than Viocin?

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Victoria Panadero
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
Young Readers

The vast majority of neural and computational models of visual-word recognition assume that lexical access is achieved via the activation of abstract letter identities. Thus, a word’s overall shape should play no role in this process. In the present lexical decision experiment, we compared word-like pseudowords like viotín (same shape as its base word: violín) vs. viocín (different shape) in mature (college-aged skilled readers), immature (normally reading children), and immature/impaired (young readers with developmental dyslexia) word-recognition systems. Results revealed similar response times (and error rates) to consistent-shape and inconsistent-shape pseudowords for both adult skilled readers and normally reading children – this is consistent with current models of visual-word recognition. In contrast, young readers with developmental dyslexia made significantly more errors to viotín-like pseudowords than to viocín-like pseudowords. Thus, unlike normally reading children, young readers with developmental dyslexia are sensitive to a word’s visual cues, presumably because of poor letter representations.

Differential Use of Verbal Coding by Young and Older Adults in Static and Dynamic Visual Tasks

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Horne ◽  
Ian Deary ◽  
Louise Brown ◽  
Robert H. Logie
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Tasks
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